基于新媒介的大学英语多元识读能力培养
开篇：润墨网以专业的文秘视角，为您筛选了一篇基于新媒介的大学英语多元识读能力培养范文，如需获取更多写作素材，在线客服老师一对一协助。欢迎您的阅读与分享！
【摘要】电子媒体的迅猛发展，文字、图像、动画、音频等组成的媒介的广泛运用，多元识读也越来越被读者青睐。本文主要探讨基于新媒介的大学英语多元识读能力培养。
【关键词】新媒介 多元识读 大学英语
前言
IT和WEB的普及，电脑与智能手机等数字化产品的使用，我们已从纸质读写时代进入超文本时代。“多元识读”正是在这种社会、经济、文化和技术变化下应运而生。“多元识读”这一新概念最早是由包括Norman Fairclough，James Gee以及 Gunther Kress在内的一些有名的西方学者组成的“新伦敦小组”首次提出，它的诞生引起了人们对如何培养学生多元识读意识和提高W生多元识读能力的高度关注。本文主要从大学英语“多元识读”的能力培养来进行探讨。
一、多元读写
Williamson （2005） 认为多元读写能力是指阅读各种媒体和模态提供的信息的能力。Spiliotopoulos（2005）认为多元识读指的是人们可以通过信息传输和信息网络理解各种模式的话语，培养批判性思维能力，以及与他人合作，帮助他们发展跨文化意识。而Gentle，Knight & Corrigan（2006），认为多元识读能力主要由以下5种成分构成：1）语言（linguistic）成分，如词汇、隐喻、结构、情态等；2）视觉（visual）成分，如颜色、视角、矢量、前景、背景等；3）听觉（audio）成分，如嗓音、音乐、音响效果等；4）姿态（gestural）成分，如行为、感受、身体控制、情感、动作等；5）空间（spatial）成分，如生态空间、几何空间、建筑空间等。传统的识读只涉及读写的个人认知行为，注重语言阅读和写作，主要教学方法是教师灌输学生知识，学生成为了学习的被动者。由此可见，传统的读写识读忽视了培养其他的一些技能。多元识读强调能够阅读和处理各种媒体和各种模态提供的信息的能力，并且通过利用计算机多媒体技术创造性地，主动地学习和做事，独立地、批判性地思考问题，其中也包括学生能否积极主动地创造性地学习。Williams（2004）认为关于识读能力的理解有狭义和广义之分。狭义的识读能力就是指个人的阅读和书写能力，它关注的是个人读写的心理过程，其理论基础是心理学，代表人物是Jack Goody和Ian Watt。而广义的识读能力关注的是识读的社会实践，它强调读写的社会应用能力，更注重社会情境下的识读行为的意义和价值，其理论基础是社会学和人类学，代表人物是Sylvia Scribner、Michael Cole、Brian Street和James Paul Gee。
二、大学英语多元识读能力的培养
笔者在桂林理工大学2016级新生，笔者所任教的四个班的学生进行了多元识读能力培养进行了实践。采用新目标大学英语第一册为教学材料。以第一单元 Life at Harvard University为例，在没有讲解课文前要求学生预习并自学课文，完成课后作业的阅读练习，头脑风暴法使用更多的词汇去描写作者在哈佛大学的生活，如：amazing，fantastic， unimaginable 等词。观看留学生在哈佛大学学习的访谈视频，然后在课堂上进行以Life at Guilin University of Technology进行口头作文练习。由于学生刚进校一个月，大多数学生口头作文中描述的是进校第一天的感受，能使用amazing，fantastic等词汇。学习完第一单元Life at Harvard University之后，要求学生听课文录音，再读课文，半小时内完成一篇以Life at Guilin University of Technology为题的作文。
作文要求：
1. Descirble the first day of College
2. What did you see and how did you feel on that special day？
3. You view on GLUT.
从提交的176份作文来看，字数超400的有2人，超300字的有3人，字数超200的有31人。字数超150的有93人，字数超120的有45人，120字以下的为2人。
学生作文范例1：
As everybody knows， the life of university is of great difference from high school. Therefore， when I walked into GLUT， I felt extremely excited and pleased. GLUT was decorated with beautiful and colorful balloons in that special day which made the campus's scenery more than attractive.
On that special day， to help freshmen enroll and find their dormitories quickly， many volunteers were arranged to help freshmen. On the one hand， as a freshman， I was really curious about college life， because there are many interesting things which I can experience. On the other hand， when I entered GLUT for the first time， I also feel depressed and homesick. More importantly， what makes me worry is that I don't know whether I can get along well with my roommates.
As far as I am concerned， GLUT is not only a place where you can learn something useful from textbooks， but also a place where you can improve your ability to communicate with others. Don't be shy and nervous.
文中衔接词和过渡词使用的很棒；词汇基本功不错；在句法层面做的很棒。
学生作文范例2：
It is universally acknowledged that that the university means a new beginning for us freshmen. Before I came to GLUT， I was keen and full of fantasy. I was anxious about whether I have the independence to engage in my personal things. Meanwhile I feel nervous that if gain both the intellectual and emotional skills out of university life.
However， the first time I met the grateful seniors that my anxiety suddenly faded away. They told me that I need to make plans or design a schedule according to my daily life. And they also helped me lift my luggage when I was hopeless. How considerable they were！
They exhorted me to get rid of computer games for a brighter future. I was really appreciated for all the things they did for me which made me feel the sense of home. I thought I would raise my awareness of improving and challenging myself， not for others， but for my own competence increasing.
The first time I came to our school I also appreciate for the wonderful Campus greening we have. The splendid library also caught my eyes and relighted my passion towards reading. And I saw different skins of people from southeast of Asia made me have an outlook of campus diversity. With the best environment and relatively harmonious atmosphere I couldn’t find any place I would rather settle in. The electric devices in library mostly available also make me feel more confident. And I also saw lots of advanced equipment in our laboratory for us to make further research. I felt very satisfied about out school.
As the saying goes “where there is a will， there is a way”. I hope I can enrich my life experience in university. And I consider that it's necessary for me to talk with others by discussing to gain oral language skills. I think I need to gain a capability in coordinating a busy schedule of collegiate studies， part-time jobs， and extracurricular activities so as to be a remarkable man. And the most significant thing for me is to tightly manage myself. I firmly believed that I will be my own hero who accepts the delight of the triumph.
文章词汇基本功很好，高级词汇表达也比较恰当；能使用经典句型It is universally acknowledged that。句法层面也很棒；不足之处：上下文衔接不流畅，结构不严谨。
学生作文范例3：
This day is the first day I went to college. The university life that made me excited has finally arrived. This will be another peak in my life. I can't wait to meet my classmates and my friends in the future. The campus is very beautiful， all kinds of flowers and trees， fresh air， when the handsome guy is also essential. I took the suitcase， carrying a bag， and parents together into the campus of Guilin University of Technology. In the crowded road， there are a few small tents， which have our college， in which the students are all the people. They work tirelessly to lead the students to do school procedures； I hope one day can also work like this. I'm after their own things went into the tent， and put forward to help， then their sister school seniors also agreed， and then I got a job card， became a staff. Seniors led freshmen to their dorm， I gave them the luggage. So until the afternoon， I'm leaving. At work， I and everybody laughing and talking， said senior university life is how， I seriously and listening curiously， it makes me more eager to. This day， I know a lot of people， but also to understand a lot about the school， which is full of laughter of the day.
该文章句法知识扎实，但从句稍微偏少；词汇基础很好，也能较灵活使用高级词汇；文章采用了适当的过渡词和衔接词，结构比较严谨。
三、结语
为了倡导学生多使用以现代信息技术为支持的网络学习中心，鼓励学生运用网络多媒体技术工具，进行多元识读，独立地思考、解决问题，为学生提供更多的提高自身多元识读能力的机会，使用了iitest和 iwrite等新媒介系统。学生可以用登录系统进行听、说、读、写、译。通过多元识读的培养，学生的阅读和写作能力得到了很大地提高。
参考文献：
[1]陶金姬.论英语教学中大学生多元识读能力的培养[J].英语广场（学术研究），2014（11）.
[2]庄蓓.新媒介时代英语阅读教学中多元识读能力的培养研究[J].西南农业大学学报（社会科学版），2012（09）.
*本文为2015年度广西高等教育本科教学改革工程项目“2015JGB238地方高校大学英语多元识读能力培养模式研究与实践”和“KY2015YB132基于学习风格的大学英语多元识读能力培养研究”项目的阶段成果之一。
作者简介：张艳琼，桂林理工大学外国语学院副教授，硕士，研究方向：英语教学论。