高考动词时态语态解析
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我们先看两道2012年江苏省英语高考题。
1.The manager is said to have arrived back from Paris where he____some European business partners.
A. would meet B. is meeting C. meets D. had met
2.The presidents hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he ____.
A. has started B. starts C. started D. will start
〖解题思路〗第一题，句意：据说，经理已经从巴黎归来了，在那儿他会见了一些生意伙伴。本题考查时态。根据题意可知，“回来”发生在过去，“会见欧洲生意伙伴”发生在“回来”之前，即过去的过去，需用过去完成时态，故答案为D项。第二题，句意：总统希望在他离任时民众的生活比他就任时过得更好。本题考查时态。根据语境可知，设空出动作（开始履职）发生在过去，所以需用一般过去时态，故答案为C项。
通过以上两题，我们可以明确现在的高考对于时态语态考查的要求越来越高，大部分试题趋于情境化、实际化。因此，仔细体会所给语境，根据具体语境选择合适的时态是考生需要解决的重点问题之一，即细体会，明语境。考例如下：
例1：After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading，only to be told that it ____.（2012安徽，35）
A. was decorated B. had decorated
C. had been decorated D. was being decorated
〖解题思路〗根据句中的went可知，空格处也应该用过去的某种时态；又根据句意可知空格叙述正在发生的情况；根据it（the reading-room）与decorated之间的关系可知用被动语态，所以用过去进行时的被动语态。
例2：——Kevin，you look worried. Anything wrong？
——Well，I ____ a test and I’m waiting for the result.（2012重庆，22）
A. will take B. took C. had taken D. take
〖解题思路〗根据语境，参加考试应试是过去的事，故用过去时，排除A、D两项；此空处不表示“过去的过去”，故排除C项。
例3：She was surprised to find the fridge empty；the children ____ everything！（2011山东，35）
A. had been eating B. had eaten
C. have eaten D. have been eating
〖解题思路〗本题考查时态。孩子们吃光冰箱里的东西发生在She was surprised to find…之前，即过去的过去，所以用过去完成时，故选B。
例4：——What a mistake！
——Yes. I ___ his doing it another way，but without success.
A. was suggesting B. will suggest
C. would suggest D. had suggested
〖解题思路〗从语境看，他已经犯了错误，那么“建议”是在他做事之前的动作，是“过去的过去”，应该用过去完成时，而不是过去进行时、一般将来时或过去将来时。
除了上述的细体会，明语境，还有以下常用解题技巧：
一 识别标志词
如果题干中有标志性的时间状语，则通常情况下可以根据时间状语选择相应的时态。考例如下：
例1：By the time you have finished this book，your meal ___ cold.（2012北京，22）
A. gets B. has got C. will get D. is getting
〖解题思路〗根据题干，by the time后的从句的时态为现在完成时，表达现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，因此主句谓语动词的动作发生在将来，故选择C项。
例2：His first novel _____ good reviews since it came out last month.（2011陕西，12）
A. receives B. is receiving
C. will receive D. has received
〖解题思路〗根据since it came out last month，可知本句应用现在完成时，故选择C项。
例3：Up to now，the program ____ thousands of children who would otherwise have died.（2010山东，30）
A. would save B. saves C. had saved D. has saved
〖解题思路〗up to now相当于by now，要与现在完成时连用，故选D项。
二 固定搭配或句式
如果题干构成某种固定搭配或句式，则根据规则选择需要的时态。考例如下：
——Did you listen to the report last Friday？
——Yes，it was about the shortage of migrant workers. That was the first time I ___ about the subject.（2011江苏南通二模）
A. heard B. was hearing C. would hear D. had heard
〖解题思路〗固定句式：在“This/That was the first/ second…time+从句”中，从句时态为过去完成时。
三 主从时态呼应
如果题干是主从复合句，可根据主从句时态呼应的原则选出正确的时态。考例如下：
——When shall we restart our business？
——Not until we ____ our plan.（2010四川，16）
A. will finish B. are finishing
C. are to finish D. have finish
〖解题思路〗until引导的是时间状语从句，用现在时表将来，所以A、C排除；finish几乎不用于进行时，排除B项，故选D项。
〖归纳〗（1）在时间、条件等状语从句中，用一般现在时表示一般将来时，一般过去时表示过去将来时，用现在完成时表示将来完成时。（2）正确认定主句动词及从句动词两个动作发生的时间，并认真体会命题者所给出的语境。（3）解答宾语从句与主句时态呼应题时，考生应熟知以下规则：主句动词为现在时，则从句动词可根据需要使用任何时态；主句动词为过去时，则从句动词须用恰当的过去的某种时态（表示客观真理时使用一般现在时）。
四 实战演练
1. As he approached the door，Mike looked into the room again to see if he ___ anything behind.
A. left B. had left C. has left D. would leave
2. ——Have you got any information about your missing dog from the police？ ——No. I ___. The police say they’ll let me know when there is any news.
A. waited B. was waiting C. have wait D. am waiting
3. Mr. Smith works with an auto company，but he ___ for this industrial exhibition，since he is on leave.
A. has worked B. worked
C. has been working D. is working
4. ——We must act now. ——I think so. Time ___.
A. was running out B. has run out
C. is running out D. has been running out
5. ——Excuse me，sir. Could I leave for a while to buy something？ ——All right，but don’t be too late. Your flight ___ boarding at a quarter past two.
A. has begun B. began C. is to begin D. begins
6. Don’t worry. I’ who ___ your good friend，will try my best to help you out.
A. is B. am C. was D. has been
7. When Mike ___ the front door，he couldn’t find his key. So he had wait for his wife to come back.
A. would open B. was to open
C. had open D. opened
8. An emergency meeting will be held tomorrow，at which the bill ___ to pass.
A. is expected B. will be expected
C. expects D. will expect
9. Until we have discussed all the details，no decision ___ about any new operations.
A. will be made B. is made
C. is being made D. has been made
10. Jack could have avoided that terrible car accident，but he ___ careful enough.
A. is not B. was not C. hasn’t been D. hadn’t been
11. ——Has Yang Liping returned from Yunnan yet？ I’d like to meet her. ——Sorry. She ___ back here only for last weekend.
A. has been B. would be C. had been D. was
12. ——Will you be able to see Jennifer’s parents when the first class is over？ ——I’m afraid not. I ___ a lecture on British litrature in the hall.
A. will attend B. am attending
C. will be attending D. am going to attend
13. The black box is a necessary device on an airplane，which recoeds its speed，direction and whether everything on the airplane ___ normally.
A. will function B. functioned
C. is functioning D. has functioned
14. the new shirt you bought for me ___ very comfortably.
A. is worn B. is wearing C. has worn D. wears
15. It is reported that China will not buy the Euro debt until some thorough research ___.
A. will be done B. had been done
C. has been done D. will have been done
答案：B D D C D B B A A B D C C D C。