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基于耕地压力指数的江苏省粮食安全状况预测

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摘要:随着经济、社会的发展,江苏省耕地资源日益紧张、粮食安全岌岌可危。以江苏省1999-2014年人均耕地面积、粮食产量、粮食自给率、粮作比、复种指数等数据为基础,分析江苏省耕地压力指数动态变化趋势;同时借助Matlab 7.0及SPSS 19.0软件,运用灰色预测模型、曲线估计、线性回归等方法对各变量分别进行预测模型拟合。结果表明,江苏省2020和2025年耕地压力指数均大于1,达到了警戒线。最后从保障耕地面积、提高粮食单产、合理控制人口增长、培育种粮市场4个方面提出了保障粮食安全的对策与建议,以期为江苏省制定粮食安全与耕地保护政策提供参考。

关键词:耕地压力指数;灰色预测模型;粮食安全预测;江苏省

中图分类号:S-0 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2017)13-2574-06

DOI:10.14088/ki.issn0439-8114.2017.13.043

Prediction of Food Security Situation in Jiangsu Province Based on

Cultivated Land Pressure Index

REN Ya-ting1, CAO Sheng-guo1,2

(1. School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China;

2.Huaneng Longkaikou Hydropower Co., Ltd., Kunming 650000, China)

Abstract: With the development of economy and society, the arable land resources in Jiangsu province is becoming scarce increasingly, food security is at stake. Taking the 1999-2014 data including per capita arable land area, food production, self-sufficiency rate of grain and grain measure, multiple crop index in Jiangsu province as foundation, the dynamic changing trend of cultivated land pressure index in Jiangsu province was analyzed. Meanwhile, with the help of Matlab 7.0 and SPSS 19.0 software, each variable was predicted and fitted separately with grey prediction model and linear regression forecast model. The results showed that the cultivated land pressure index from 2020 to 2025 was all higher than one in Jiangsu province and up to the cordon. Finally, the countermeasures and suggestions for the guarantee of food security were put forward from four aspects including the protection of cultivated land area, increasing the per unit area yield of grain, reasonably controlling population growth, cultivating grain market, in order to provide reference for policymaking of food security and cultivated land protection in Jiangsu province.

Key words: cultivated land pressure index; grey prediction model; prediction of food safety; Jiangsu province

Z食是人类生存和发展的基础,也是一个国家最重要的战略物资,因此,粮食安全问题一直是人们关注的焦点[1]。近年来,随着经济与社会的快速发展,工业化、城镇化进程的不断推进,民众的生活水平不断提高,食粮需求量也在不断加大[2],而随着中国种粮相对收益的降低,种粮积极性有所下降[3,4],人均粮食需求和人口总数呈上升趋势;另一方面,中国拥有世界22%的人口,人口的增长给粮食供给带来了无形的压力。据估计,未来每年接近3 000万乡村人口转移至城镇,无疑导致大量的耕地被占用,对粮食的安全状况造成了客观上的阻碍[5]。中国粮食安全已上升为国家战略安全问题。

江苏省素有中国“三大粮仓”之一的美称[6],江苏省粮食不仅要保证本省粮食所需,还要对外省输出部分粮食,因此江苏省的粮食安全问题对全国的粮食安全也至关重要。但随着近几十年来人地矛盾的突出,耕地资源日趋减少,加上土地环境污染严重,江苏省粮食产量出现了一定的波动。因此,本研究通过分析江苏省粮食安全现状,从而对其未来粮食安全发展趋势进行预测,旨在为江苏省制定粮食安全与耕地保护政策提供参考。