“主谓一致”高考考点解读
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主谓一致是历年高考试题中的主要测试点之一，它主要以单项填空的形式来测试语法形式上一致的原则，意义上一致的原则，就近一致的原则，同时还涉及动词时态、语态和修饰等。由于汉语没有主谓一致问题，这是一个考生常出错的知识点。分数、百分数、不定式、动名词、主语从句等用作主语的主谓一致问题，仍将会是今后高考命题的热点。下面本人以历届主谓一致的高考题来解读其主要用法。
[考例1]（2006・江苏）A poet and artist coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
[答案与解析] A. 根据句中时间状语tomorrow afternoon可排除C、D两项。主语为a poet and artist意为“一位诗人兼艺术家”，系指同一个人。故谓语动词用单数.此题主语若改为A poet and an artist时，情况就发生了变化，意义为“一位诗人和一位艺术家”，系指两个人，是复数概念了。故后面的谓语动词就得用复数。
[小结]两个单数名词用and 并列表两个不同概念时，谓语动词用复数，表示同一概念或不可分割的整体时，谓语动词用单数。
[考例2] （2009・陕西）Dr. Smith， together with his wife and daughters，_____visit Beijing this summer.
A. is going to B. are going to C. was going to D. were going to
[考例3]（2006・辽宁）The father as well as three children skating every Sunday afternoon in winter.
A. is going B. go C. goes D. are going
[答案与解析] 考例2选A，考例3选 C. 主语部分是由together with， as well as 并列的两个名词作主语，谓语动词的人称数与前面的主语Dr. Smith ， The father 保持一致，即用第三人称单数形式，由此排队B、D两项，再根据句中的时间状语确定分别用一般将来时和用一般现在时，所以分别选A和C项。句意分别为“史密斯先生和妻子女儿们今年夏季将去北京参观 ”及“父亲和三个孩子一样，冬天的每个周日下午去滑雪”。
[小结]当主语后面跟有in，out of；with；along with；together with；including；like；besides；except；but；apart from；rather than；in addition to， no less than， no more than， as well as 等后接名词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致，即“就远原则”。
[考例4]（2005・上海） All means ，but the problem remains unsolved.
A. has been tried B. have been tried C. are tried D. have tried
[解析]B. means 以复数形式出现的一个特殊名词，当其被all ，several， many，等修饰词时，为复数概念，谓语动词用复数，当其被every， each等修饰时，为单数概念，谓语动词用单数。
[小结]当主语是sheep，population， deer， fish， crowd， Chinese， team， club， committee， company， majority， enemy， couple， family， Japanese， company， crowd， audience， means（方法），works（工厂、作品）等词时，谓语动词的单复数形式，应视其意义上是单数或复数来决定。
[考例5]（2004・天津）It is easy to do the repair. you need is a hammer and some nails.
A. Sometimes B. All C. Both D. Everything
[答案与解析] B. 考查不定代词与主谓一致问题，All当其指人时的概念时，为复数，后接的谓语动词用复数，All 若指“物”时，则为单数的概念，后谓语动词用单数。All在此句中表“一切”或“所有的东西”的概念，A、D两项不合语境、故排除，C项与谓语动词is不一致。
[小结]代词what， which， who， none， some， any， more， most， all 等词做主语时，谓语动词单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。
[考例6]（2004・上海春）No one in the department but Tom and I that the director is going to resign .
A. knows B. know C. have known D. am to know
[答案与解析] A。此句中的主语是no one ，而不是but 后的Tom and I .这是一道语法意义上的“就远原则”的题。No one作主语为单数概念，排除了B、C、D、三项，故选A。
[小结]由each、either、neither one； the other； another ；anyone；anybody；anything； everyone； everybody； everything ；someone； somebody； something； nobody； no one； nothing指代单数名词的不定代词做主语时，谓语动词用单数。
[考例7] （2009・山东）The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _____rising steadily since 1990.
A. is B. are C. has been D. have been
[考例8]（NMET96）The number of people invited _____fifty ，but a number of them _______ absent for different reasons .
A. were； was B. was； was C. was； were D. were ；were
[答案与解析] 答案都为C. The number of…是…的数字，它做主语时，谓语动词用单数；而a number of+… 是“许多的；大量的”意思，修饰可数名词的复数，故谓语动词用复数。
[小结] The number of +名词复数+V单；a number of +名词复数+V复。
[考例9] （09・福建）――Why does the lake smell terrible？
―― Because large quantities of water_____.
A .have polluted B. is being polluted
C. has been polluted D. have been polluted
[答案与解析] D 水是被污染，故用被动语态。A large quality of 后接可数或不可数都行，其后谓语动词根据所接名词单复数来定；但 large qualities of 后接可数或不可数，都倾向于把谓语动词用复数形式。
[考例10]（1999・上海）Books of this kind well.
A. sell B. sells C. are sold D. is sold
[答案与解析] A. 本题考查主谓一致和时态语态的用法，“复数名词+of this kind”结构谓语动词要用复数式，sell well是固定搭配，变为“畅销、卖得好。”其中sell为不及物动词，后接副词，不用被动形式。
[小结]如果主语用“a kind （sort/ type ）of， a pair of； a small/large amount of ，a quantity of ，a series of等加名词构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。this kind （ type/ sort） of +n（零冠词）=a/an +n +of this kind /sort /type. 其谓语用单数；短语this kind/sort/type of +名词复数=名词复数+of this kind /sort /type=these kind （单数）of +名词复数.但 this kind of+名词复数+V单，而名词复数+of this kind和these kind of +名词复数的谓语都用复数。短语all kinds of +复数名词+V复。
[考例11]（2000・上海） of the land in that district covered with trees and grass.
A. Two fifth； is B. Two fifth； are C. Two fifths； is D. Two fifths； are
[答案与解析] C。首先根据分数构成的相关知识直接排除A、B项，即当分数的分子大于1的基数词时，其分母须是复数。其次，句中做主语的two fifths of the land in that district部分实为表示不可数的单数含义。
[小结]分数/百分数+of+名词做主语时，谓语动词与名词在数上保持一致。此点用法也可扩充到由half /most /enough /a portion / /part/ the rest/the last / lots（a lot）/plenty…等+of+名词或代词做主语时，动词通常与of后面的名词或代词保持一致。
如（2006・安徽）Most of what has been said about the Smiths B also true of the John sons.
A. are B. is C. being D. to be
[考例12] （2010・全国Ⅱ）Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who _____evening dress.
A. wear B. wears C. has worn D. have worn
[答案与解析] B 考查主谓一致和时态。首先the only one of ….为先行词时，定语从句修饰的是one，即one是主语，而非后面的复数women，根据主谓一致的原则，谓语动词应该用复数，排除A，D。另外，从”is“可以看出句子是要表示一种习惯，因此要用一般现在时，排除C，故选A.
[小结]在”one of +复数名词+who / that / which “ 的从句结构中，关系代词who /that / which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one ，因此从句中的谓语动词用复数形式，但如果one 前有the only / the very /the来修饰时，则用单数形式。另外在强调句型中强调主语时，句中的谓语动词在人称数上要和被强调的主语一致。如It is I who am on duty today.
[小结]动词不定式：动名词或从句做主语时，谓语动词一般用单数式。
【学以致用】
1、E-mail .as well as telephone ， an important part in daily communication （1999年上海）
A.is playing B. have played C. are playing C. play
2、As a result of destroying the forest， a large of desert covered the land .（2001年上海）
A. number； has B. quantity； has C. number； have D. quantity； have
3、Either you or the headmaster the prizes to those gifted students at the meeting.（2004年 北京）.
A. is handing out B. are to hang ort
C. are handing out D. is to hand out
4、Professor Smith， along， with his assistants ， on the project day and night to meet the dead line.（2005年上海）
A. work B. working C. is working D. are working
5、The teacher， with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class， visiting a museum when the earth quake struck （2004年北京）
A.was B. were C. had been D. would be.
[keys] 1-5 A B D C A