Study on College English Teaching from the Perspective of Humanism

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Abstract. In the eyes of humanists， the value of people is the most important. This view corresponds with modern education values and development direction， which has profound influence on university English teaching. It introduces humanism theory into language teaching field， and humanism emphasizes that language teaching is not only to teach language， but also to help students obtain their own development. This paper tries to take humanism as the perspective， talking about the current college english teaching， hoping to have a certain enlightening significance.

Keywords： humanism； college English teaching； teacher-student relationship

Introduction

Humanism concept originates from psychology， and it has obtained rapid development since the 1950s， and it has gradually become the influential research direction in contemporary psychology field. Humanism psychologists are dissatisfied with behaviorism viewpoints， thinking that humans are not equal to animals. In short， humanism emphasizes the individual value， advocating people as an organic whole to obtain overall development. This view corresponds with modern education values and development direction， and it has profound influence on college English teaching.

Today， information plays a decisive role for the development of economic society， and the ways to obtain information are incomparable. Thus， helping students to establish independent thinking spirit， cultivating students' innovation thinking and further developing its innovation ability are very important. College English course has an important role for developing students' innovation thinking and language literacy. Rapid development of society also proposes higher and higher requirement for college students' English ability， and humanism concept has a huge reference role for our college English education teaching reform， introducing humanism theory into language teaching field. Humanism emphasizes that language teaching is not only to teach language， but also to help students obtain their own development. This paper attempts to talk about the current college English teaching from the perspective of humanism， hoping to obtain a certain enlightening significance.

1. Cultivating College Students into Mentally and Physically Healthy People

Rodgers is a representative of humanism， and he thinks that human nature is good， and any people have the potential of healthy growth. We should believe and support each individual force. In society， the unharmonious phenomena appear， which is mainly from the conflict between human self-concept and individual experience， originating from the difference between real self and ideal self. Therefore， as long as they are in frank， friendly， support and non threatening atmosphere， any people can obtain a long-term development. Rodgers advocates promoting people to enhance confidence in harmony sincere atmosphere， promoting self growth and personality change， so as to achieve the purpose of promoting people's mental and physical health. Here， Rodgers clearly puts forward the human-centered thought， and its core is to believe that everyone have endless resources of realizing self-understanding， changing self-concept， basic attitudes and self guidance behavior， but it only provides promoting mental attitudes， and this resource will be effectively used to promote individual growth. This concept extends to education field to form the education mode or strategy of Rodgers' humanism learning view， teaching view and human centered concept. He lashes out at traditional education， which cannot make students adapt to the changing society， emphasizing on intelligence instead of affective and cognitive learning， ignoring the overall development of students. He emphasizes that "overall" concept has a great influence on education field.

In the paper "personal view on teaching and learning"， Rodgers proposes his own non-directive teaching thought. He thinks that we should teach others how to teach and learn， and this attempt is in vain. Only by self-discovering and self-mining to realize learning is real learning. The human-centered concept reflected in teaching is to respect the whole students' dignity， value and their experience consciousness， instead of focusing on knowledge transmission but ignoring students' emotion.

We can say that humanism teaching view focuses on mobilizing students' learning enthusiasm and initiative， insisting that students' behaviors are conscious and planned. Individual self-confidence and values are the main force of determining students' behavior. Really scientific and reasonable education is to promote students to become "integrated functional people". The concept is introduced into college English teaching， namely， we should teach teachers to change teaching concept， and we should believe students' strength to cultivate them into physically and mentally healthy people， so as to make them shoulder and receive education， develop their own responsibilities， self control learning process and pace and self-assessment learning， in order to finally become the people with a healthy and perfect personality.

Undoubtedly， Rodgers' humanistic psychology enlightenment to university English teaching is that they must focus on students' emotional problems in teaching. English teaching should promote students' overall development as the highest goal， unifying the cognitive and emotional aspects.

2. Teachers Positively Changing Teaching Role

In traditional college English teaching， teachers are the unchallenged controllers and rulers in classroom. What to learn， how to learn and learning rhythm are grasped by teachers， and students don't have initiative. So the learning driven by external force makes students lack of enthusiasm and dignity in learning process. Most importantly， teachers are the owners of knowledge， and students are the passive receivers. In students' eyes， teachers are embodiment of wisdom， with almighty. As long as students face problems in learning， they directly seek teachers for answers. In classroom， what we see are that students take paper and pen to wait for teachers' wise language and incisive explanation， and students totally become passive indoctrination. In the whole teaching process， it focuses on knowledge transfer， ignoring the students' learning experience. Actually， students are the supporting role to help teachers to complete teaching task in teaching process. Rodgers strongly criticizes the education mode. Correspondingly， he thinks that the real learning is the learning which can produce influence on behavior， and only "self-discovering and self-mining learning" are the only path.

Rodgers point out that students should be responsible for their own learning， and teachers are the supporting role or helpers in the process， and the greatest role is to create favorable environment for students. Thus， the basic difference between Rodgers' humanism teaching view and traditional teaching is in the swap roles of teachers and students and the power share in teaching. Traditional education mode focuses on education control function， and people recognize the teacher-student relationship mode given by traditional culture， and they make students obey teachers as the students' behavior principle， and they require teachers to strictly restrict students， which has strengthened teachers' power-centered role in education teaching process. Thus， changing this current education power mode basically is difficult， and Rodgers compare the two as continuum poles. If the core of traditional education is the power from top to bottom， so， in the eyes of the humanist， it realizes power share， and then core has changed into "sincerity" and "trust". On the basis of trust， students independently explore their own interests under the assistance of teachers and parents， and they fabricate suitable individual learning plan and undertake corresponding consequences， so as to realize the free learning.

According to the above mentioned Rodgers' humanism teaching view， in college English teaching， first， teachers should construct real language situation for students and form meaningful teaching atmosphere. Second， they should provide valuable learning materials for students， including various teaching resources， newspapers and literatures. Third， they support students' self-assessment for learning， promoting students' learning towards the development direction of self-responsibility.

3. Realizing Teaching Benefits in Equal Teacher-Student Relationship

Teacher-student relationship can be said to be the most important social relationship in school. In traditional teaching mode， authority teacher-student relationship has inevitably become a contradiction between teachers and students. Teachers should mainly focus on teaching， and they ignore the non-intelligence factor， students' emotion and thinking in the compressed state in learning process， and students don't have opportunities to develop their own talents and they don't have enthusiasm for learning. In classroom， teachers' tasks are to greatly guide students towards the pre-known answers and conclusions， and actually， the learning process is driven by teachers. Rodgers' humanism education view emphasizes constructing harmonious， equal and democratic teacher-student relationship， and this is revolutionary for traditional mode. We consider learning as that students themselves find problems and solve problems to achieve the understanding for experience significance， so as to effectively influence the dynamic process of behavior. It is natural to seek for cooperation and equal relationship between teachers and students， and this is to seek for the optimal fit point between teachers and students’ power control.

Teachers should communicate with students based on equality， and they should respect their own leading ability， understand their experience and individual experience， care about them and promote their development （Ye Haosheng， 1998）. The goal of teachers and students' communication is to promote students' learning emotionally， which are the essential factors of realizing humanism "whole human". The emotional factors include individual values， attitudes， likes and dislikes and prejudice， analyzing students' emotional factors in learning process and organizing teaching activities according to local situation， and they can obtain greater learning effect. Rodgers generally introduces the features of three aspects.

First， teachers are as facilitators， helpers and encouragement of students' learning， and they should take efforts to establish a real， equal and sincere teacher-student relationship. Being true and sincere are the core， and teachers are as real people instead of teachers' role. Teachers and students are equal relationship between people， and they should treat sincerely with each other， with consistent thoughts and feelings. In teacher-student communication， they can truly express individual emotion， feeling and thoughts， and they keep true self in front of students， in order to establish emotional basis of mutually trust and mutual development.

Second， students are independent growing individuals with their own values， and teachers should accept this status， accept each student， accept their advantages， positively gain satisfaction and tolerate their shortcoming， passive and completely indifference. Teachers are in the premise of trusting students to have self-improvement's inherent power and self-learning ability， accepting students' learning and life emotion catharsis， so as to show their heartfelt and unconditional love and care for students.

Third， teachers should feel for students' behavior， experience and understand students from students' perspective， entering into students' inner heart to feel their idea and doing. In college English teaching process， they should do the three points to make teaching effect achieve multiplier effect.

In short， humanism ideology has profound reference significance for college English teaching， and teachers should positively face this theory force and positively adopt the reasonable viewpoints， in order to promote the true promotion of college English teaching quality， which lays a solid foundation for students' future development.

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