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介词考点大闯关

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介词是中学英语中掌握起来较难的一类词,也是中考必考的一类词,要想在应试中通过介词这一关,同学们首先应闯过下面五关,方能在应试中得心应手。

一、在语境中考查考生能否过介词混用关。

各地都加大对考生语用能力的考查,对介词的考查也不例外。此时要求我们结合句意去分析,从而推断出正确答案。由于英汉表达方式的不同,英语固定用法或搭配常与汉语不同。准确记忆各种固定搭配是制胜的“法宝”。

1. at, on和in三个介词常常做时间的“先锋”,我们可以用歌诀把他们归纳为:

年、季、月时间长,唯有in在前面放;

星期、某天不能忘,前面应该使用on;

几点几分很具体,前面at别忘记;

上午、下午和傍晚,前面用in来陪伴;

限定具体某一天,介词on一定管;

特殊用法和习惯,介词搭配记心间。

2. in, since和by的不同用法也是中考的命题热点所在。

(1)“in +一段时间”表示以现在为起点的一段时间,往往和一般将来时连用;“after+一段时间”表示以过去或将来的某一时刻为起点之后的一段时间。

(2)“since+过去时间点”表示从过去某时一直持续到现在,常用于完成时态;“for+一段时间”表示动作或状态的持续时间,用于多种时态。

(3)by用来表示时间,意思是“不迟于、在……以前”;“by+过去时间”,常用于过去完成时。

3. 表示“在某地”时,介词at用在表示小地点的名词前,in用在表示大地方的名词前。

4. 介词across, through和over都表示“通过”。across意为“横过、穿过”,表示动作是在某物体表面进行的;through意为“穿过、通过”,表示从某物中间穿过;over表示“越过障碍物”,多指从空间范围上“越过”。

. 在语境中对 turn up, turn down, turn on和turn off这类短语的考查越来越多。

【典型试题1】We will build another new Great Green Wall the northern part of China.

A. amongB. across

C. throughD. between

【简析】读题后可以知道该题的句意为“我们将修建另一个横贯中国北部地区的绿色长城”,由此排除A、D两项。再辨析B、C两项可以发现,across意为“从表面通过”,符合题意,故选B。

【典型试题2】―Do you believe that paper is made wood?

―Yes, I do. And you can see that books are made paper.

A. from; fromB. from; of

C. of; fromD. of; of

【简析】本题考查固定搭配。be made from和be made of均表示“由……制成”,但是前者用肉眼看不出原材料;后者用肉眼能够看出原材料。根据句意“你相信纸是由树木制成的吗?”可以知道此时看不出原材料,故用介词from。再根据句意“是的。并且你能看到书是由纸做成的。”可以知道此时能看得出原材料,故用介词of。所以B项正确。

二、考查介词与副词的区分关。

“动词+介词”和“动词+副词”型短语动词,前者宾语只可放在介词后,后者当宾语为名词时可放在副词前或后,当宾语为代词时只可放在动词和副词之间。属于“动词+介词”型的短语有:look after, look at, arrive at/ in, get to, talk with, agree with, hear from 等;属于“动词+副词”型的短语有:put on, take off, turn on, turn off, turn down, put away, write down, look up等,对这两类短语动词的考查在中考考题中屡见不鲜。

【典型试题】

―James, your socks are on the chair. Please .

―OK, Mum.

A. put away it

B. put it away

C. put away them

D. put them away

【简析】put away表示“把……收藏好”,其中的away是副词,而不是介词,宾语them应放在away的前面。 故D项为正确答案。

三、在语境中考查考生能否过介词遗漏关。

在一些结构中需用适当的介词,同学们常会忽略这一点而产生错误。

1.当动词不定式在句中作定语时,如果中心词是该不定式的逻辑宾语,则该动词不定式应由及物动词构成,否则需在其后加上适当的介词。

2.一些不及物动词后面不可直接跟宾语,应在其后加适当的介词,使之构成及物动词短语,这些介词不可漏掉。

【典型试题】

e has got a chair to sit , but nobody to talk .

A. on; toB. /; with

C. on; /D. /; to

【简析】两空均在动词不定式中,这两个动词不定式在句中都充当定语。根据上述的第1点可以知道A项正确。

四、在语境中考查考生能否过多用介词关。

由于对某些词的理解不够透彻,同学们常常会在不该用介词的地方用上了介词。

1.英语中表示时间的词语常用介词in, on, at, since, for等引出,但在this, that, tomorrow, next, yesterday, every, last, today等开头的表示时间的词语前一般不可再用介词。

2.abroad, downstairs, upstairs, here, there及home(到家、在家)等均为副词,它们的前面不可多用介词in, at, to等。

【典型试题】

Didnt he tell you ?

A. he would go to abroad

B. he had gone to abroad

C. he was going abroad

D. he has gone abroad

【简析】abroad是副词,它的前面不可多用介词to,可排除A、B两项;D项的时态与主句不一致,故C项为正确答案。

五、在语境中考查考生介词使用的思维定式关。

在初中教学过程中,老师会不断将一些固定搭配的词块反复呈现给学生,从而使得考生对某一些特别常见的固定搭配形成刻板的印象。学生在应试时,如果对试题研读不认真,很容易“栽入”命题人精心设计的“陷阱”中。

【典型试题】

―Which would you prefer, orange juice or coffee?

―Either OK, but I prefer coffee milk.

A. are; withB. is; with

C. are; toD. is; to

【简析】该题同时考查了主谓一致和介词的用法。解第一空时,考生根据either作主语时谓语动词通常用单数形式,可轻松排除A、C两项。但是,当面对第二空时,如果考生不能认真研读试题来晓知命题人的命题点,很容易受“prefer to”这一固定搭配的影响而误选D项。殊不知,第二空应该填介词with才使整个对话符合语境(“我”更喜欢加牛奶的咖啡),故B项正确。

跟踪训练

一、从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最佳答案。

1.Its said that the visitors arrived a small town a rainy morning.

A. at; onB. at; in

C. in; onD. in; in

2.―What do you often do classes to relax yourself?

―I often play games with my deskmate.

A. overB. among

C. betweenD. through

3. he old man lives a tall building. And his house is the fifth floor.

A. in; onB. of; to

C. on; inD. to; at

4. ―ow do you learn English so well, e Li?

― chatting with my efriend in America online.

A.ForB.By

C.InD.With

. A study shows that a special fish in America can survive water for up to 66 hours.

A. beyondB. in

C. out ofD. from

6. he guests looked at each other surprise when they heard a bird singing“appy birthday to you”.

A. inB. to

C. byD. at

7. ―his wine tastes a little bit strange.

―Yes. Its made apples.

A. ofB. from

C. byD. in

8. Sanya City is a good place to visit December or January.

A. fromB. at

C. inD. on

9.Mr. uang, our English teacher, is strongly keeping animals in the zoo, because he thinks animals should also have the right to enjoy freedom.

A. upB. for

C. againstD. down

10.―Would you like some coffee?

―Yes, and please get me some milk. I prefer coffee milk.

A. withB. to

C. ofD. on

11.he famous basketball player is two metres in height.Its very difficult to choose clothes big enough him, Im afraid.

A. aboutB. at

C. withD. for

12.―Youd better not always look up the new words the dictionary while reading. Sometimes we need to guess.

―Yes, Mr. Zhou.

A. inB. on

C. atD. from

13. “If you get on well your classmates, youll enjoy your school life more,” the headmaster said to the new students.

A. toB. at

C. withD. in

14. I dont know how to begin a talk with Millie. Because she can sit all day long a word.

A. byB. with

C. inD. without

1.―Is Simon good at playing basketball?

―Yes. basketball he is also good at swimming.

A. ExceptB. Besides

C. ButD. Beside

二、根据句意,用所给动词的适当形式填空。

1. People have always been curious how living things on the earth exactly began.

2.―What time do you usually have your first class?

― eight oclock the morning.

3.he way we learn English is quite different that we learn maths.

4. ―ow beautiful the Christmas card is!

―Yes, its my cousin. I received it this morning.

. Do you know that young man is famous a singer his nice songs.

6. All of us went to the park Daniel last Sunday. e had to look after his sister.

7. ―Well have a hiking trip, but when shall we meet?

―Lets make it half past eight the morning of June 21.

8. hese exchange students have been in China three months. So they can speak some Chinese.

9. ―Mr. u, can you tell us how to learn math well?

―Sure. But remember nothing can be learned hard work.

10. I think everyone hopes to study at a school many flowers and trees in it.

[K]参考答案

一、1~ ACABC 6~10 ABCCA

11~1 DACDB

二、1. about2. At; in3. from4. from. as; for6. except7. at; on8. for9. without10. with