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红细胞分布宽度在慢性阻塞性肺疾病中的诊断价值

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[摘要] 目的 探讨红细胞分布宽度(RDW)对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的诊断价值,为COPD的早期诊断发掘新的标志物。 方法 采集2015年11~12月成都中医药大学附属医院COPD患者(204例)、肺恶性肿瘤患者(96例)及健康体检者(71例)的静脉血2 mL,检测三组的RDW值,one-way ANOVA法比较三组间RDW值变化。绘制RDW诊断COPD的受试者工作曲线(ROC曲线),计算灵敏度、特异度和约登指数,诊断界值cut-off值。结果 与健康体检者比较,RDW在COPD患者及肺恶性肿瘤患者中均显著升高(P < 0.05);ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.875,最大约登指数为0.624,灵敏度和特异度分别为69.3%和93.1%,对应的cut-off值为45.55。 结论 RDW对COPD具有较高的诊断价值,可作为COPD诊断和鉴别诊断的新指标。

[关键词] 红细胞分布宽度;慢性阻塞性肺疾病;诊断标志物;诊断价值

[中图分类号] R563.9 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2016)04(a)-0123-04

Diagnostic value of red blood cell distribution width on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

HU Qiongying ZHANG Shuang ZENG Yu ZHANG Chaoming

Department of Laboratory Medicine, Teaching Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610072, China

[Abstract] Objective To discuss the diagnostic value of red blood cell distribution width (RDW) on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and explore a new diagnostic marker for COPD. Methods From November to December 2015, in Teaching Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, venous blood 2 mL of COPD patients (204 cases), pulmonary malignant tumor patients (96 cases) and health people (71 cases) were collected, the RDW levels were detected and compared by one-way ANOVA. The receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) was drew, sensitivity, specificity and Youden's index (YI), cut-off value were calculated. Results RDW levels rose significantly in COPD patients and pulmonary malignant tumor patients compared with health group (P < 0.05). YI was 0.624 while the cut-off was 45.55, and the sensitivity and specificity were 69.3% and 93.1%, respectively. Conclusion RDW may be potential a biomarker in the diagnosing of COPD.

[Key words] Red blood cell distribution width; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Diagnostic marker; Diagnosing value

红细胞分布宽度(red blood cell distribution width,RDW)为全血细胞检测的常规项目,是红细胞体积异质性的参数,即反映红细胞大小不均的客观指标,主要应用于临床贫血的诊断及鉴别诊断[1]。最近,有文献报道,RDW除了与血液系统疾病状态的改变有关外,还可以作为多种疾病诊断、鉴别诊断及预后判断的标志物,如心血管系统疾病[2]、糖尿病[3]、结肠炎[4]、胰腺炎[5]、淋巴瘤[6]及强直性脊柱炎[7]等。这些报道为RDW在各领域的应用研究打下了坚实的基础。慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD),是指终末细支气管远端部分(包括呼吸性细支气管、肺泡管、肺泡囊和肺泡)膨胀,并伴有气腔壁的损坏的一类疾病[8]。COPD是全球发病率和死亡率最高的疾病之一,在全世界范围内每年由COPD引起的呼吸困难人数约有6500百万人,且随着大气污染、患者年龄和吸烟人数的不断增加,其发病率呈逐年上升的趋势,据估计,2006年全世界约有275万人死于COPD[9-10]。早期诊断、早期治疗是降低COPD发病率和死亡率诊的重点,也是提高患者生活质量的有效手段。目前COPD的诊断主要依靠典型症状和体征,结合胸部X线检查,但对于临床表现不典型者,其诊断和鉴别诊断困难,常常耽误COPD的治疗及预后[11-12]。实验室检查手段主要以炎性反应的指标为主,如白细胞数、中性粒细胞数和C反应蛋白等,但这些实验室指标并不特异,难以辅助诊断,因此发现和探索一种新的实验室检查方法对COPD的诊治有重要意义[13]。本研究通过收集COPD、肺恶性肿瘤相关病种的患者标本,与健康体检者作比较检测血常规,探讨RDW在COPD的变化情况,并计算RDW早期诊断和鉴别诊断COPD的诊断价值,以期为早期诊断COPD寻找一种检测方法简单、评估便捷、花费较少的指标。

综上所述,RDW预测COPD具有较高的诊断价值,可作为COPD早期诊断及鉴别诊断的潜在标志。

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