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历届高考词序考点简析

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[作者] 厉惠湘

[内容]

词序是高考试题中常考的内容,同时也是中学教材的重点和难点。为便于同

学们复习,下面我们把高考中 所出现的各种词序题归类简析如下:

一、短语动词中宾语的位置

(79MET). If you don't know the word, why don't you______in the

dictionary.

(A)look at it (B)look after it

(C)look up it (D)look it up

析:答案为D。其意指“查(字典等)”,A意为"看",B 意为"照顾"均

不符题意,故排除。由动词加 副词构成的短语,其宾语是名词时,宾语可放在

整个短语后面,也可插在动词与副词之间,但宾语是代词时, 代词宾语只能插

在动词与副词之间。

试题选练:(画线项为答案,下同)

(83MET).If you are at home this evening, I'll________.

(A)ring you on (B)ring upon you

(C)ring to you (D)ring you up

──────-

(78MET).I need a day or two________

(A)to think it over

──────────

(B)to think over it

(C)of thinking

二、虚拟语气省略if时的词序

(95上海).______ for the free tickets, I would not havegone to the

films so often.

(A)If it is not

(B)Were it not

(C)Had it not been

(D)If they were not

析:答案为C。这是一个与过去相反的虚拟条件从句的省略形式,当从句中

的if省略时,从句要用倒装句。 这类倒装句只需将助动词、情态动词或系动词

提至主语前即可。常见句式更换如下:

a.与现在相反:If I were you (=Were I you) , I would go

──with him.

b.与过去相反:If I had had time then (=Had I had time

──then), I would have gone with you.

c.与将来相反:If I were to visit/should visit/visited the Great Wall

tomorrow, (=Were I to /Should I visit the Great

── ───Wall tomorrow), I would take my son with me.

注意:在否定句中not不可提至主语前,如:

(误)Weren't I here now, I would be in the bus.

────

(正)Were I not here now, I would be in the bus.

──

试题选练:(94上海).______ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put

off the visit to the Y angpu Bridge.

(A)Were (B)Should

────

(C)Would (D)Will

_______ your letter, I would have written back two daysago.

(A)If I received

(B)Should Ireceive

(C)Had I received

────────

(D)If I could have received

三、否定词放在句首时的词序

(91MET)"Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?" "I don't

know,_____

(A)nor don't I care

(B)nor do I care

(C)I don't care neither

(D)I don't care also

析:答案为B。A项多了not,C项、D项分别要改neither、 also 为either。

否定词作状语放在句首时要用 倒装句,倒装句只需将情态动词、助动词、系动

词be提至主语首即可(见例2)。 实意动词的倒装要在主语前 面加助动词 do,

does,did等,此时谓语动词要用动词原形(见例1)。常见的否定词或结构有:

neither/nor /never/hardly/ little/seldom/ scarcely/ barely/ not until/no

sooner than/hardly when/not only…b ut also/at no time/not once/by no

means

例:1.Little did Einstein care for money.

──

2.By no means( Never/At no time) will China besuperpowers.

───

试题选练:(85MET). "Did you enjoy that trip? " "I'mafraid not.

And_______."

(A)my classmates don't either

(B)my classmates don't too

(C)neither do my classmates

(D)neither did my classmates

─────────────

(90MET).Not until I began to work _______how much time I had wasted.

(A)didn't I realize (B)did I realize

───────

(C)I didn't realize (D)I realize

(95NMET).Not until all the fish died in the river____how serious

the pollution was.

(A)did the villagers realize

─────────────

(B)the villagers realize

(C)the villagers did realize

(D)didn't the villagers realize

(91上海).Not only____ polluted but ____ crowded. (A)was the city, were the streets

(B)the city was, were the streets

(C)was the city, the streets were

───────────────

(D)the city was, the streets were

(94上海).Little ____ about his own safety, though he was in great

danger himself.

(A)does he care (B)did he care

───────

(C)he cares (D)he cared

四、So…[,!]that放在句首时的词序

(92上海). So ______ that no fish can live in it.

(A)the lake is shallow

(B)shallow the lake is

(C)shallow is the lake

(D)is the lake shallow

析:答案为C。在so…that句型中,当so 后的部分提到句首时要用部分倒

装。如:

So hard does he study that he is sure to succeed.

───────

试题选练:So excited _____ that he couldn't speak a word.

(A)he gets (B)he got

(C)does he get (D)did he get

──────

五、so含"也"意时的词序

(87MET).John won first prize in the contest. ______.

(A)So he did (B)So did he

(C)So he did, too (D)So did he, too.

(79MET). I like sports and ______ my brother

(A)so does (B)so is

────

(C)so (D)so like

-I like playing football. -_______.

(A)So you do (B)So do you

(C)You do so (D)So did you

析:答案分别为A、A.So开头的句子, 如果是重复前面一句话的部分内容,

该内容也适合另一人,物。要 用倒装(但谓语要与前句谓语时态,形式一致)。

此时两句中的主语不可是同一人或物。如:

He has got up, so have I.

── ──

You are honest, so am I, so are all of us.

── ── ──

但So开头的句子,如果是重复前面一句话的意见,表示对别人说的话加以

肯定,语序不必倒装。此时两句 的主语常常是同一人或物。如:

He asked me to support him, so I did.

──

I have passed the maths exam. So you have.

──

六、As引导让步状语从句时的词序

(85MET)._____ , he doesn't study well.

(A)As he is clever (B)He is as clever

(C)Clever as he is (D)As clever he is

析:答案为C。As引导让步状语时要将句中作表语的形容词、 名词(前面

不可用冠词)、作状语的副词或 部分谓语动词提至as(though)前。

Child (Young) as she is, she knows a lot.

───────

Fast as you run, I can catch you easily.

  ──

Try as you might, you are sure to fail again.

──

试题选练:_____ the dictionary, he could not afford to buy it.

(A)Much as he liked

─────────

(B)Liked as he

(C)He liked very much

(D)As he liked much

七、多个形容词排列时的词序

(95NMET). "How was your recent visit to Qingdao?"

"It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the ____ days at

the seaside."

(A)few last sunny

(B)last few sunny

(C)last sunny few

(D)few sunny last

析:答案为B,此题考测多个形容词或修饰语并列时的位置问题。

多个修饰语并列修饰一个名词时的位置规则为:

a)限定词如:a, the, all, many, little, first, last, these, this

等。(如有数词同时出现时,序 数词在前,基数词在后。)

b)描绘性形容词如大小,长短,高低,新旧,颜色,国籍, 材料,用途,

类别等。同类形容词排列时短 的在前,长的在后。如:He isa kind honest old

man.(限定+短性质+长性质+年龄) ── ─── ─ ─

This useless old geography book doesn't belong me.(限定+

── ─── ─ ────性质+新旧+种类)

My house is furnished with three comfortable dark brown

─── ────── ── ──chairs.(数词+性质+短颜色+长颜色 )

试题选练:(93NMET).Tony is going camping with ____ boys.

(A)little two other

(B)two little other

(C)two othe

r little ─────────

(D)little other two

When I was a child, my grandmother told me ____ stories.

(A)many such funny

────────

(B)such many funny

(C)many funny such

(D)funny many such

He saw nothing but a _______ table in the farm house.

(A)round small wooden

(B)small round wooden

──────────

(C)round wooden small

(D)small wooden round

The ______ bridge in our village was built scores of years ago.

(A)a stone old fine

(B)an old stone fine

(C)a fine old stone

─────────

(D)an old fine stone

These are his cousin's first two ______ paintings.

(A)little red French interesting oil

(B)interesting little red French oil

─────────────────

(C)interesting French little red oil

(D)little red intersting oil French

八:词序不同意义不同的词

(95上海).It was_____ late to catch a bus after the party, therefore

we called a taxi.

(A)too very (B)much too

(C)too much (D)far

析:答案为B。B是个副词词组,只修饰形容词或副词以加强语气。可作形

容词修饰名词,也可作名词充当 主语,宾语等成分。 A 中 toovery不能连用。

D不能修饰原级形容词故排除。常见的词序不同、 意义不同的词 组有:in all

总共/all in 疲倦, in hand 在手中/hand in 上交,turn in 上交/in turn

轮流、排队, from far来自远方/far from 离得远、远非,for good永远/ good

for对…有好处,allfor都赞成/for a ll尽管…,much too太,过于,修饰

形容词或副词/too much太多,充当名词或修饰名词,if only 要是(常 与虚

拟语气连用)/only if 只有(引导条件从句),long before 很久以前/before

long不久以后。

试题选练:I knew you ____ I knew John.

(A)before long (B)long before

(C)long ago (D)after long

_____ you try your best to prepare your lessons well willyou be able

to pass the exam.