“it”做形主和形宾的用法详解

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摘要：在英语中，it的用法非常广泛，也非常灵活。它既可以做代词，也可以做引导词，还可以做强调句中的强调词。有不少同学在实际运用过程中往往不得心应手，或常常与其它的词混淆使用。下面我将it如何做“两形”的用法归纳总结如下，给这部分还觉得胸无成竹的同学释疑解惑。所谓“两形”，即形式主语和形式宾语。It的这两种用法可是高考专家们所青睐的考点哦。

关键词：it 用法 形式主语 形式宾语

内容：一.it作形式主语

It作形式主语，而把真正的主语置于句子后面是为了保持句子平衡。It可替代后面的不定式，动名词，主语从句等。具体用法如下：

1.“It is+形容词+that… ”.适用于这个句型的形容词有：clear，well-known,important,necessary,strange,urgent等。如：

It is well-known that the restaurant has gained its popularity in this area.

It is clear that he tells us a lie.

但在important,necessary,strange,urgent,right,natural之后，从句的谓语动词须用“should + do”,should可以省略。这些形容词必须牢记准确。

It is important that we should remember these rules.

2.“It is+名词+that…”.这类名词有：idea,belief,dream,pity,wish,fact,wonder,problem,pleasure等。

It is a pity that I can’t go with you.

It is a pleasure that I found the book needed for my research.

3.“It is +过去分词+that…”.适用于这个句型的动词有：say,announce,decide,learn,know,report,hope,think,believe,ex-pect,suggest等。但请同学们要注意，务必把这些动词原形要改成它相应的过去分词。

It is announced that the professor would give us a lecture next term.

It is hoped that people do less harm to the environment.

要注意它和as引导的定语从句的区别。试比较：

It is reported that the US was under the terrorist attack.

As was reported,the US was under the terrorist attack.

4.“It is+形容词/名词+不定式”.it代替后面真正的主语-不定式.

It is interesting to listen to music in the evening.

It is my wish to learn a foreign language well.

5.“It is +形容词+for/of sb.+不定式”.在这个句型中，是使用for还是of完全取决于形容词。for前面的形容词常常是difficult,necessary,important,easy,hard等表示事物特点的形容词。而kind,nice,stupid,brave等表示人的性格特征的形容词常用在of前面。

It is necessary for you to see a doctor.

It is stupid of you to laugh at a millionaire.

6.“It is+形容词/名词+动名词”.像“waste,no good,no use,useless,senseless,worthwhile等能用于此句型中”.

It is no use trying to persuade him into giving up smoking.

It is no good playing this kind of game.

7.It doesn’t matter/It makes no difference….

It makes no difference whether he is present or not.

8.It appears/seems/happens（to sb.）that….

It appears to me that he is fond of collecting stamps.

9.It is advised/commanded/ordered/insisted/demanded that…这个句型中，从句的谓语动词须用“should+do”,should可以省略。

It is suggested that he（should）resign his job.

10.It is time/about time/high time that…中，从句的谓语动词也必须用虚拟语气，即一般过去时did或should+do,should不能省略。

It is time he gave us a lecture.

It is high time that we should do writing practice.

11.It is/was the first/second/third time that…中，如果主句的动词为is，那么从句的谓语动词用现在完成时；如果主句的动词为was，那么从句的谓语动词为过去完成时。有时that可以省略。

It is the first time I have been here.

It was the third time that he had made the same mistake.

二.it作形式宾语

It充当形式宾语的基本结构是：动词+it+宾补+不定式/动名词/从句,其中真正的宾语为后面的不定式，动名词或从句。这类动词有：make,find,think,consider,feel等。

She make it her duty to clean the classroom every day after school.

I think it no good arguing with him.

此外，hate,like,take,owe,have,take for granted等表示喜欢，痛恨，认为的动词后有宾语补足语时，要将it作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置。

I hate it when they talk with their mouth full of food.

另外，see to（注意，留意）和depend on（依靠，信赖）也有此用法。

When you start the engine,you must see to it that the car is in neutral.

结语：当然，it还能做代词和强调句中的强调词，掌握了以上it较为重要和复杂的用法后，同学们还应多加留心和总结it的其它用法。