“拦截”概念场主导词的历时更替
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［摘 要］ 汉语“拦截”概念场主导词历史上主要经历了三次变化： 西汉兴起的“遮”至南北朝时取代了先秦概念场内的主导词“遏”、“邀”；至唐五代,“拦”又与“遮”展开竞争,并在宋代和“截”一起击败“遮”,重新划分了概念场主导词的格局；元明时期,新兴的“挡”发生了突变,在概念场内与“拦”、“截”形成鼎立之势。不同历史阶段主导词的义域、句法组合等的变化反映了汉语新、旧质要素的更迭，概念场主导词的更替往往是汉语词义系统与词汇系统共同作用的结果。
The Diachronic Replacement of the Main Words in
″Lanjie″ Conceptual Field
Yan Qiamao Wang Haolei
(Research Center for History of Chinese Language, ZheJiang University,
Hangzhou 310028, China)
Abstract: There is a ″lanjie″（拦截） conceptual field in Chinese which means ″force mobile content to stop going; do not let go through.″ The conceptual field was covered by such words as ″e″（遏）,″yao″（邀）,″zhe″（遮）,″lie″（迾）and ″zu″（阻） in the PreQin Dynasty,and then words like ″lan″（拦）,″jie″（截）,″duan″（断） and so on appeared in the Wei,Jin and the Northern and Southern Dynasties.The Song Dynasty turned up ″dang″（挡）,″ba″（把）,″zha″（闸）,but in modern Chinese,people basically say ″lan″（拦）,″dang″（挡）,″jie″（截）.
Its found that for these encoding lexical members,three different alternations in the history of Chinese language are crucial and worth noting:
1) Around the Western Han Dynasty,the word ″zhe″（遮） came to be used and frequently compared with ″e″（遏） and ″yao″（邀）,which used to be the main words before the PreQin Period and were compelled out of this semantic field no later than the Northernsouthern Dynasties,which can be used as the first verb constitute in the medieval emerging statements.But the use of ″e″（遏）,″yao″（邀） was only used in a language domain,the lexical field was gradually narrowed.
2) ″Lan″（拦） began to prevail over ″zhe″（遮） during the Tang and the Five Dynasties,and replaced it eventually with ″jie″ in the Song Dynasty.In strong oral speaking corpus,cases of the use of ″lan″（拦）,″jie″（截） increased gradually,the lexical field was expanded,with the emerging grammar components in the Song Dynasty,such as the dynamic auxiliary word ″zhe″（着）; and the resulting complement ″zhu″（住）.The leading position of ″zhe″（遮）in its lexical system was replaced by the meaning ″cover an object.″ ″zhe″（遮） began to be more frequently used with fixed tremolo combinations,but rarely used with emerging grammatical components.
3) By the Yuan and Ming Dynasties,″dang″（挡）turned to be used in the rising tone.It developed a specific performance and also became a dominant member in this field.The new glyph of ″dang″（挡） appeared,which was divided from ″dang″（当）,not only the single frequency was more than ″jie″（截）,but also the syntactic combination with ″lan″（拦）,″jie″（截） had the similar features.Whats more,the patient objects such as ″arrow/cold/rain/wind″ is exactly what the ″lan″（拦） and ″jie″（截） lacked.