虚拟语气用法小结
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虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜测、建议或与事实不符的假设等，也可以表示可能性较小的情况或不可能发生的情况，而不是客观存在的事实（表示客观事实要用陈述语气）。虚拟语气是由句中谓语动词的特殊形式表现出来的，常用于复合句中，也可用于简单句。
一、以if虚拟条件句形式表现的虚拟的基本结构
[虚拟条件句＼&主句＼&与现在事实相反＼&did/were， would/could/should/might do＼&与过去事实相反＼&had done，would/could/should/might have done＼&与将来事实相反＼&did/were， were to do， should do， would/could/should/might do＼&]
If I were you， I would seize the chance to go abroad.
如果我是你的话，我就会抓住这次去国外的机会。
If you had taken my advice， you would not have failed in the exam.
如果你早接受我的建议，你考试就不会不及格。
If he did not come tomorrow， we would put off the meeting till next Monday.
如果他明天不来，我们就把会议推迟到下星期一。
在这种结构中要注意：
1. 当从句的主语为第三人称单数，谓语动词为系动词be时，一般用were，也可用was代替were。而在倒装虚拟结构及if I were you中，只能用were。如：
If I were you， I would try my best to grasp the chance.
要是我是你的话，我要尽力抓住这次机会。
Were I ten years younger， I would study abroad.
要是我还年轻十岁的话，我会去国外学习。
2. 有时虚拟条件句中，主、从句的动作若不是同时发生，须区别对待（错综时间条件句）。
If I had worked hard at school， I would be an engineer， too.
如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会是工程师了。
If he were free today， we would have sent him to Beijing.
如果他今天有空的话，我们已经派他去北京了。
If he had been working hard， he would be working in the office now.
要是他一直努力工作的话，现在已进了办公室了。
3. 虚拟条件句的省略倒装。虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were， should或had， 可将if省略，再把were， should或had移到从句句首，实行倒装。
Should he agree to go there， we would send him there.
要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。
Were she here， she would agree with us.
如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。
Had he learnt about computers， we would have hired him to work here.
如果她懂一些电脑知识的话，我们会已经聘用他来这里工作了。
4. 含蓄虚拟条件句。if从句没有出现，而是通过otherwise/or/but/without/but for等副词表现虚拟。
I was ill that day. Otherwise， I would have taken part in the sports meeting.
我那天病了，不然我会参加运动会的。
He telephoned to inform me of your birthday， or I would have known nothing about it.
他打电话通知我你的生日，否则我对此一无所知。
I should have given you more help， but I was too busy.
我本应该给你更多的帮助，但是我当时太忙了。
Without/But for your help， we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.
如果没有你的帮助，我们就不能提前完成这项工作。
二、以时态倒退一格的形式表现出来的虚拟
这种虚拟有三种形式：wish后面的宾语从句中；在as if所引导的方式状语从句中；在if only（要是……就好了）句式里。在这三种句式中，对现在的虚拟用一般过去时，对过去的虚拟用过去完成时，对将来的虚拟用过去将来时。
I wish I learnt English well.
我希望我已学好了英语。
I wish I had been there with them last week.
我希望上周跟他们一起在那儿。
They began to talk warmly as if they had known each other for long.
他们开始热烈的谈论起来，就好像他们已相互认识很久了。
He coughed twice as if someone would come.
他咳嗽两声就好像有人要来了。
If only I had taken his advice.
要是我早接受他的建议就好了。
三、以should +动词原形形式表现的虚拟（should 可省略）
1. suggest/demand等动词后的宾语从句中，口诀为：
一坚持 insist
二命令 order/command
四要求 demand/desire/require/request
五建议 suggest/advise/recommend/propose/urge
The teacher advised that we should make good use of every minute here.
老师劝我们要好好地利用在这儿的每一分钟。
但是，当insist意为“坚决认为，坚持说”，suggest意为“表明，暗含，暗示”时，宾语从句一般不用虚拟语气。如：
Tom insisted that he hadn’t stolen the watch.
汤姆坚持说他没有偷那块手表。
His smile suggested that he had succeeded in this exam.
他的微笑表明他在考试中成功了。
2. 在上述动词名词形式和其它部分名词所跟的表语从句、同位语从句、主语从句中。
His suggestion is that we should do our work more carefully.
他的建议就是我们的工作要更细心些。
We followed his advice that we should ask our teacher for help.
我们接受了他的建议：我们应该请求老师的帮助。
My idea is that we should think it over before accepting it.
我的想法是我们应该在接受之前好好考虑考虑。
3. 在It is necessary/important/strange that 等构成的主语从句中。
It is important that we should do well in our lessons first.
我们先把功课学好很重要。
It is a pity that we should not meet last night.
真遗憾我们昨天晚上没有见着面。
四、虚拟语气的特殊句式
英语中表示“早该做某事了”时，定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气，其结构为：It is （high/about） time that+主语+动词的过去式/should+动词原形。如：
It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school.
我该去学校接我的女儿了。
It is high time you should go to work.
你早该上班了。
1. I you， I would go with him to the party.
A. Was B. Had been
C. Will be D. Were
2. Look at the terrible situation I am in！ If only I your advice.
A. follow B. would follow
C. had followed D. have followed
3.I wish that I with you last night.
A. went B. have gone
C. could go D. could have gone
4. Many citizens suggest that smokers
When theyare smoking in public， which suggests that they the harm of smoking.
A. be fined； have realized
B. should be fined； should have realized
C. are fined； have realized
D. can be fined； might have realized
5. Your advice that till next week is reasonable.
A. she waits B. she wait
C. wait she D. she waited
6. If I ， I would have told you about it.
我如果看过这场电影，我早就把电影内容告诉你了。
7. My suggestion is that we .
我的建议是我们应该让更多的人去参加会议。
8. I last week， but I was so busy that I forgot to do so.
我上星期就该还这本书的，但是我太忙了忘了还。
9. He speaks French so well as if he .
他法语说的那么好，好像他在法国学过似的。
1～5 DCDAB
6. had seen the film
7. （should） get more people to attend the meeting
8. should have returned the book
9. had studied French in France