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摘 要: 本文主要探讨了在大学系列教材中出现的数词的修饰语及用法,详细描述了在英语教学中出现的不定数目修饰语和具体数目带修饰语的情况,以此将英语数词的修饰语教学提高到一个新的层次。
关键词: 英语教学 数词 修饰语
一、不定数目修饰语的情况
1.用在数词前面表示大约的词有:some,about,around,roughly,approximately,something like,通常放在所修饰的数词前面,例如:
(1)The distance between the two villages is in the neighborhood of fifty kilometers.
这两个村庄的距离大约50 公里。
(2)Approximately 3000 students visited the exhibition.
大约3000学生参观了这次展览。
(3)Let’s decide to gather at the school gate at something like seven o’clock tomorrow morning.
让我们定于明早7点左右在校门口集合。
(4) He managed to collect some 180 liters of gasoline.
他设法收集了大约180 公升汽油。
(5)Mr.Smith called on you around two o’clock this afternoon.
史密斯先生今天下午大约两点钟来拜访过你。
(6)It was not until about 1600 BC when the chariot was invented that the maximum speed was raised to roughly twenty miles per hour.
直到公元前1600年双轮战马车的发明,才把速度提高到每小时约20英里。
2.放在数词+名词结构后面,表示大约的词语有:or so,more or less,or thereabouts,例如:
(1)Only ten pages or so are left unread.
仅剩10页左右还没读。
(2) The hall can hold one thousand seats more or less.
大厅可容纳大约1000个座位。
(3) I’ll finish the work in two hours or thereabouts.
我将在两个小时内完成工作。
3.基数词或阿拉伯数字末尾+ ish 也表示大约或左右,例如:
(1) He is 50ish.他50 上下。
(2) I’ll come at tenish tomorrow morning.我明天十点左右来。
二、具体数目带修饰语的情况
1.表示“不到,不足或少于某数”等常用below,under,less than,no more than,fewer than,or less 等词修饰,并放在所修饰的数词前面,例如:
(1)He was below sixty years when he retired.
他退休的时候还不到60 岁。
(2) Her home is less than five mile from the school.
他家离学校不到5 公里。
(3) The cost of the coat is under twenty dollars.
这件大衣不到20 美元。
(4) The audience in the Hall is no more than 200.
大厅里的听众不超过200人。
2.表示接近某数用almost,about,some,just about,nearly,towards,close to等词修饰,并放在所修饰的数词前面,例如:
(1)She was almost 80 years old then.
那时她几乎80岁了。
(2)He came at just about eight o'clock.
他是几乎8点来的。
(3)On the other side rose the Big Horns and nearly 10000 feet up.
在另一边,大霍恩山高高耸立,将近一万英尺高。
(4) The manager will be back towards six.
经理大约六点钟才能回来。
(5) It is close to twenty years since it happened.
这件事发生已快二十年了。
3.表示勉强到某数用barely(bare),merely(mere),scarcely等词修饰,并放在所修饰的数词前面,例如:
(1)He lost the election by a mere twenty votes.
他仅仅以20票之差竞选失败。
(2)She has been a lawyer for scarcely two years.
他当律师刚刚2年。
(3)I could picture her as she was in the story she told me――barely 20,pretty,with bright blue eyes.
我可以想象到故事里她的容貌――刚刚20岁,长着一双亮晶晶的蓝眼睛,非常漂亮。
参考文献:
[1]段海生.修饰数词的常用词及其用法[J].大学英语,1991(1).
[2]李增顺.数词在英汉修辞格中的应用[J].中国海洋大学学报(社会科学版),2005(3).
[3]张湘梅.浅谈英汉语修辞中数字的应用[J].海峡法学,2001(3) .