大海诗人与朗费罗

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把大海当作知音，当作既不能摆脱的心中的哈姆雷特又不能使之拥有一刻平静的累尔提斯，这是现代人的理念。拜伦和雪莱在诗中创造了大海；海涅把大海当作知音，向它诉说自己的爱情；华兹华斯将大海当作道德感化的力量；伯朗宁一反诗人们的常态，以自己的方式热爱着大海；在马休・阿诺德心中，大海是命运之声，传达的是失意和绝望；雨果与大海交流就像跟谦卑的朋友说话一样，发出的高谈阔论是前所未有的。那些抒情诗人们也都无不如此……

但唯独在朗费罗心中，大海呈现给他的是康特・阿诺德斯眼中那威武的战舰；听到的只有水手们豪放而美妙的歌声，这歌声让人无法抗拒，使人久久难以忘怀。随后他又发现了老怪物的秘密，这是他充满魅力的世界，是他的迷人所在，是他音乐中最富人性的音符，更是对人类心灵深处的抚摩。于是，他在大海诗人中赢得了独有的地位。在他们大多数人心目中，大海是至高无上的自我：我就是大海，大海就是我，我心中的自我与他人一样坦率真诚。但朗费罗是人类真情的代言人，激励他吐露真言的是一种陌生而美妙的心有灵犀一点通的精神，这种精神早在第一个水手驾驶着第一艘船来到这陌生而又舛骜不驯的大海的世界时就已确立了，同时也确立了人与大海间永恒的感情基调。在他心中，大海是海员与船只的天地。于是，在他的诗篇中，听得到索具的吱吱声，看得见张满风的哗哗作响的白色风帆，嗅得出岸边送来的味道，还有那大麻和焦油的气味，感受到吹在脸上的来自家乡的和风。老船员们是白色的眼珠，青铜色的脸，他们戴着银戒指，系上鲜艳的手绢，向你讲述着一个个难忘而动人、深邃而不可言传的故事。他在港口停下，来到码头，徘徊在船只间，倾听水手们忧郁的歌声，凝视着船工斧头下飞溅的木块，呼吸着沥青锅中沸腾着、冒出烟雾的油味。于是他开始唱歌，唱起了康特・阿诺德斯情歌的变奏曲，世人们倾听着，人们的心也随着歌声而跳动。

The ocean as confidant, a Laertes that can neither avoid his Hamlets nor bid them hold their peace, is a modern invention． Byron and Shelley discovered it； Heine took it into his confidence, and told it the story of hi loves； Wodsworth made it a moral influence； Browning loved it in his way, but his way was not often the poet＇s； to Matthew Arnold it was the voice of destiny, and its message of despair； Hugo conferred with it as with an humble friend, and uttered such lofty things over it as are rarely heard upon the lips of man． And so with living lyrists each after his kind．．．

But to Longfellow alone was it given to see that stately galley which Count Arnaldos saw； his only to hear the steersman singing that wild and wondrous song which none that hears it can resist, and none that has heard it may forget． Then did he learn the old monster＇s secretthe word of his charm, the core of his mystery, the human note in his music, the quality of his influence upon the heart and the mind of man； and then did he win himself a place apart among seapoets． With the most of htem it is a case of Ego et rex meus． It is I and sea, and my egoism is as valiant and as vocal as the other＇s． but Longfellow is the spokesman of a confraternity； what thrills him to utterance is the spirit of that strange and beautiful freemasonry established as long as long ago as when the first sailor steered the first keel out into the unknown, irresistible waterworld, and so established the foundations of the eternal brotherhood of man with ocean． To him the sea is a place of mariners and ships． In his verse the rigging creaks, the white sail fills and crackles, there are blown smells of pine and hemp and tar； you catch the home wind on your cheeks； and old shipmen, their eyeballs white in their bronzed faces, with silver rings and gaudy handkerchiefs, come in and tell you moving stories of the immemorial, incommunicable deep． He abides in a port； he goes down to the docks, and loiters among the galiots and brigantines； he hears the melancholy song of the chantymen； he sees the chips flying under the shipwright＇s adze； he smells the pitch that smokes and bubbles in the caldron． And straightway he falls to singing his variation on the ballad of Count Arnaldos； and the world listens, for its heart beats in his song．