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动名词作宾语

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动名词作宾语范文第1篇

考点一:作主语

【思路点拨】

非谓语动词可作主语的有:不定式和动名词。二者区别在于:表示某一具体动作或一次性的动作用不定式,表示较抽象的、一般的行为或动作多用动名词。动名词作主语通常位于句首,不定式作主语一般位于句末,而用it作形式主语放在句首。

【考题链接】

1.(2012年常德卷)Its nice of you

________________________________________

me with my maths.

A.help B.helping

C.to help

2.(2012年莆田卷)Han Mei thought that

________________________________________

to English songs

________________________________________

her a lot in English learning.

A.listen; helpsB.listening; helps

C.listening; helpD.listen; help

【见题拆招】1.C。题意:帮我复习数学你真是太好了。Its +adj.+(for/ of)sb.+ to do sth.是一个常用句式,it是形式主语,动词不定式是真正的主语。

2.B。句意:韩梅认为听英语歌曲在英语学习方面对她帮助很大。第一个空动名词作主语,动名词作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式,故第二个空用helps。

考点二:作宾语

不定式和动名词均可作动词或介词的宾语。

【思路点拨】

(一)一些动词后只能跟动词不定式作宾语,这类动词有want, wish, hope, decide, expect, refuse等。

【考题链接】

3.(2012年日照卷)—Do you enjoy

________________________________________

a volunteer?

—If you want

________________________________________

this, youd better join us.

A.being; knowingB.to be; knowing

C.being; to knowD.to be; to know

4.(2012年滨州卷)My pen pal Andrew found it difficult

________________________________________

Chinese well.

A.learningB.learn

C.to learnD.learned

【见题拆招】3.C。句意:“作为一名志愿者,你开心吗?”“如果你想知道这些,你最好加入我们。”enjoy后接动名词作宾语。want意为“想要”,其后接动词不定式作宾语。

4.C。句意:我的笔友安德鲁发现学好汉语很难。本题it作形式宾语,动词不定式是真正的宾语。

(二)一些动词后只能用动名词作宾语,这类动词有enjoy, mind, finish, practice, keep, miss等。

【考题链接】

5.(2012年玉林卷)—Tim played the guitar very well in the school talent show.

—I think so.He practices

________________________________________

it every day.

A.playB.playing

C.to playD.plays

6.(2012年绵阳卷)Excuse me, would you mind

________________________________________

your voice down, please?

A.to keepB.keeping

C.keepD.kept

7.(2012年滨州卷)We know that she enjoys

________________________________________

books very much.

A.readB.reads

C.readingD.to read

【见题拆招】5.B。句意:“Tim在学校才艺表演赛上吉他弹得很好。”“我也这样认为。他每天都练习弹吉他。”practice后接动名词作宾语。

6.B。句意:打扰了,你介意把你的声音降低点吗?mind后接动名词作宾语。

动名词作宾语范文第2篇

一、 非谓语动词(有动词的性质和原义,但无法作动词使用)作主语

1. 不定式和动名词作主语的区别

1) 总的概述:

Ø 不定式作主语——具体的,一次性的

To understandothers is hard.

Ø 动名词作主语——一般的,经常性的

Washing clothes is her daily job.

Ø 分词不能作主语——分词有形/副的作用,但主语只能是带有名词意义的词

2) 具体用法:

Ø 动名词在句型里作主语的运用:

i. It’s no good/ useless/ a waste of time/ a good pleasure + doing sth. (it’s+形容词/形容词性短语+doing)

It’s a waste of time dating you.

ii. It’s + adj. + 动名词

It’s delighted playing.

iii. There was/ is + no + doing

There is no standing still in this life.

2. 非谓语动词的逻辑主语

1) 不定式的逻辑主语

不定式不能作自己的主语,但在意思上仍然有履行该动作的逻辑主语,其逻辑主语前总有“for/ of”的标志。

It’s foolish of you to stay away from your family.

The hardest thing is for him to give up.

She was sent there to be trained as a teacher.

2) 动名词的逻辑主语

当动名词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致时,应在动名词前加上物主代词/名次属格来作其逻辑主语。

Your being curious almost hurt yourself.

3) There be句型

Ø Of there being

He spoke of there being a magnificent ranch.

Ø For / about there to be

It’s easy for there to be a gap between parents and children.

二、 非谓语动词作宾语

1. 动名词作宾语

1) 能接动名词作宾语的动词

Ø 为避免危险-禁止犯罪-若犯,应坦白/承认

escape/ avoid-forbid- confess/ acknowledge/ admit

Ø 男方推迟约会-女方介意,忍耐,原谅-再犯,放弃

put off/delay-mind/tolerate/endure/excuse/pardon/forgive-give up

Ø 提倡的建议-被民众喜欢/感激

advocate/ suggest-enjoy/ appreciate

2) 介词后只能接动名词

Ø Feel like doing sth.

Ø Be/ get used to doing sth.

Ø 其他的都是介词+(in)doing sth.

2. 不定式作宾语

1) 能接不定式为宾语的动词

Ø 往往差生-自愿参军-准备提出申请-等待同意

tend-volunteer-prepare/ offer-agree

Ø 渴望梦想-下定决心-做好计划/打算-尽力/设法去实现

long-determine-plan/ aim-endeavor/manage

Ø 未能拒绝要求-假装(做表面工作)

fail/ refuse/ ask/ claim/ demand-pretend

2) 连词except/ but与不定式

Ø except/but只能与不定式,不能与动名词连用

We have no choicebut to wait.

Ø 但若前有do,则except/but后也只能加do(前后一致)

Iwould do anything for you except to be a commissioner.

3. 能接动名词和不定式作宾语的动词

1) 接动名词/不定式,意思都不变的动词

Ø 喜欢一个人-憎恨麻烦-宁可不追求

like/love-hate-prefer

计划/试图创业-开始遇难-无法继续-停止告终

intend/attempt-begin/start-continue-cease

Ø 若like/love/hate/prefer前有should/would,则只能接不定式(本来would/should只能接动原,为让步,加带“to”的动原)

Iwould like to have a drink.

2) 接动名词/不定式,会改变本义的动词

Ø 进程改变(to do未完成;doing正在做/做过了)

记得-忘记-后悔-停止-继续

remember/forget-regret-stop-go on

Ø 意义改变

当别人需要你时-尝试忍住不耐-设法去帮助他们

need-try/ stand-mean/ help

To do人 设法做 不忍心 想要做 帮助

Doing物(主作被) 试着做 忍受 意味着 禁不止

3) 在这些动词这,动名词作宾语,不定式作宾语补足语

该俱乐部只允许有推荐信的人申请-若无,则禁止入内-建议呱

permit/ allow-recommend-forbid-advise

Idon’t allow you to go.

My dad doesn’t allow smokingin our family.

三、 非谓语动词作补语(作补充说明,无法删去)

1. 总的概述

1) 分词作补语-现在分词~动作正在进行/状态;过去分词~被动

Iheard someone knocking at the door.(就省去that和was了)

She kept us waiting for 2 hours!

Iheard the song sung.(用歌被唱表示人在唱歌)

不定式作补语-还未完成

Please remind me to take my medicine.

2. 具体规则-能接不定式作补语的动词

我想要劝他去帮忙

1) Want/wish-后加(to be) done

Iwant it finished today.

2) 表示劝请/要求

Ø Teach/ ask/ remind…表示劝请/要求的动词后都可以接sb. to do sth.

Ididn’t ask you to do it for me.

Ø Hope/ agree/ suggest/demand/decide后不可加sb. to do sth.

Hope/ agree/ suggest + that

Demand/ decide + to do

3) 使役动词have/make/let后加不带to的不定式,但在动词为主语的被动语态时可接to do

He makes his son study.

He was made to study.

4) Help后加不加to都无所谓

You got to help me to fix it.

Idon’twant to help you fix it.

四、 非谓语动词作表语

1. 分词作表语(形容词性,非动词)

现在分词-性质:It is exciting.

过去分词-状态:The store is closed.

2. 动名词作表语(经常性的,一般的)

Washing clothes is my daily task.

3. 不定式作表语(一次性的,具体的)

在主系表句型中,若主语部分有实义动词do的某种形式,则作主语补足语的不定式既可以带to也可不带to

The last thing Iwant to do is (to) arguewith you.

4. 分词、动名词和不定式的否定形式

分词:Not obtaining a ticket for the match

动名词:Not being tall

不定式:Not to be tall

五、 非谓语动词作定语

1. 分词作定语(有潜在的主谓关系)

——现在分词作定语:前置修饰词-形容词;后置-主动/进行

The racing horse = thehorse is racing

——过去分词作定语:已发生的动作/被动

A fallen leaf = a leaf that alreadyfallen.

The buildingcompleted before = the buildingwas completed before.

2. 动名词作定语(用途)

The washing machine= themachineis for washing.

3. 不定式作定语(未完成)

The meeting to be continued is on our top agenda.

六、 非谓语动词作状语

1. 分词与不定式在句中作状语的区别

1) 分词-时间/原因/让步/条件/方式/伴随

Ø 伴随:Iwas sad, wandering alone the river.

Ø 原因:Being a good father, Ineed to work harder.

Ø 条件:Given more time, Icould make it.

2) 不定式-目的/结果/原因

Ø 目的:To satisfymyself, Idecide to have a good meal.

Ø 结果:Iwas too scareto ask him. / The three men tried many times to sneak across the border into the neighboring country, only to be captured by the police each time.

2. 独立结构

1) 分词的独立结构(修饰分句)

若分词修饰的主语与主句的主语不一致,则分词要有自己的逻辑主语——逻辑主语+分词(可表时间/原因/伴随/条件/目的)

The guest having departed, I laid on my bed and fall asleep.

Time permitting, we should stay here a littlebit longer.

Her son lost, she got crazy.

2) 某些不加逻辑主语的分词短语的独立结构(修饰全句)

Ø 总的/严格来说-假设这是判断题-该如何判断是否正确呢

Generally/strictly speaking-provided/providing/suppose/

given-judgingfrom

Ø 谈到未来的职业选择-考虑到我的兴趣-是在关于教育,包括语言方面的-既然是这样,所以我决定考研

talking of-considering/ given-regarding/concerning-including-seeing that

3) 不定式的独立结构

To tell the truth; to be plain with you; to be brief; to be honest; to sum up; to cut a long story short; to say the least; to be sure; to begin with; not to mention; strange to say; needless to say; to conclude

(其实2和3这两个知识点都是一样的,分词和不定式的独立结构都是在修饰全句,而不是单单一个主语,因此我们可以把这些分词和不定式的独立结构看作一个固定搭配。)

4) There being句型可以使用独立主格结构作原因状语

动名词作宾语范文第3篇

【热点一】某些及物动词后只能接不定式作宾语,不能接动名词作宾语。这类动词有:hope,offer,help,expect,learn,demand,decide,refuse,ask,prepare,plan,choose,manage,pretend,fail,wish,agree等。

【模拟真题】

She pretended_____me when I passed by.

A.not to see B.Not seeing

C.To not see D.Having not seen

【解析】答案:A。pretend后跟动词的不定式,本题题意考查的是不定式的否定形式。

【热点二】某些及物动词后只能跟动名词作宾语,不能跟不定式作宾语。这类动词有:mind,suggest,avoid,excuse,finish,allow,admit,resist,miss,enjoy,co-

nsider,imagine,advise,permit,prevent,delay,apprecia-

te,giveup,put off,feel like,consist on,can’t help等。

【模拟真题】

I would appreciate_____back this afternoon.

A.you to call B.you call

C.your calling D.you’re calling

【解析】答案:C。appreciate后要用动名词,而不是不定式,所以答案是C。

【热点三】某些动词如:allow,permit,forbid, advise,continue等后面必须接动名词作宾语,但也可以接不定式的复合宾语。

【模拟真题】

Charles Babbage is generally considered____the first computer.

A.to invent B.inventing

C.to have invented D.having invented

【解析】答案:C。如果consider后直接加动词,应该是动名词;本题正好是不定式复合结构的被动形式,所以很明显答案应该用不定式。

【热点四】某些动词或词组后接动名词主动形式表被动意义。这类动词有:need,want,require,be worth等。

【热点五】某些动词如:remember,forget,regret,try后接动名词,表示动名词的动作已经发生。接不定式表示动作未出现。

【热点六】介词的宾语一般由动名词充当,但某些介词如:of,on,about后可接一个带疑问词的不定式短语作宾语。

【热点七】分词,不定式均可以作定语。现在分词作定语与被修饰名词在逻辑上为主谓关系。

【模拟真题】

Do you know the boy____under the tree?

A.lay B.lain C.laying D.lying

【解析】答案:D。躺在树下的动作是男孩发出的,所以他们有逻辑上的主谓关系。

【热点八】及物动词的过去分词作定语,与被修饰名词在逻辑上为动宾关系。

【模拟真题】

Most of the artists_____to the party were from South Africa.

A.invited B.to invite

C.beinginvited D.had been invited

【解析】答案:A。大多数被邀请到的艺术家来自南非。artists是被邀请的对象,是动宾关系;原句不能看出动作正在进行或者是已经完成,所以排除C和D,过去分词表被动。答案是A。

【热点九】不定式作定语,表将来,现在分词表进行,过去分词表被动、完成。

【热点十】分词作状语,必须与句子的主语发生逻辑上的关系,一般情况下,现在分词作状语,句子主语必须是现在分词的发出者。过去分词作状语,句子主语必须是过去分词动作的承受者。

【热点十一】当分词动作先于谓语动词发生时,分词应用完成式。

【模拟真题】

______a reply,he decided to write again.

A.Not receiving B.Receiving not C.Not having received D.Having not received

【解析】答案:C。由于没有收到回复,决定重写。没有收到回复明显在谓语动词决定重写之前,所以用分词的完成式。

【热点十二】不定式、分词均可作状语,但功用不同。不定式表目的,结果;分词表原因、方式、伴随情况等。

【热点十三】在“主语+be+adj.+不定式”的句型中,主语在逻辑上往往为不定式的宾语,因此当不定式为不及物动词时,常在不定式后加上适当的介词。

【热点十四】在主动语态中,使役动词和感官动词后接不定式作宾补时,要省去不定式符to,但在被动结构中一定要添上to。

【热点十五】不定式和现在分词可以作宾补。现在分词表示进行,不定式则表示动作的完结。

【热点十六】“have+名词+过去分词”表示分词的动作不由主语发出来。有叫他人做某事之意。

动名词作宾语范文第4篇

关键词:英语动词正确形式填空技巧

动词的形式有许多种,谓语动词有各种时态语态的形式,非谓语动词有动名词、动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词四种。解这类题型首先要判断所给的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词,然后再确定该动词的正确形式。下面从谓语动词和非谓语动词两方面论述初中英语常见的动词形式。

一、谓语动词。(限于每个简单句)在句子中的位置有四种

l、位于每个简单句主语后面的第一个行为动词(某些从句中的主语承前省)。E.g Miss Gao teaches us English.这种情况的谓语动词分析要分两步完成。第一步,分析句子的语态,根据主语与动词的关系判断该句是主动句还是被动句;第二步,判断动词的时态和单复数。如果是主动句(主语是动作的施行者),就判断动词的时态,直接写出动词的时态即可。e.g The boys are playing(play)football now,.如果是被动句(主语是动作的承受者),则分两步完成答案。

e.g.Many trees (plant)on the hill yesterday.

分析:第一步,判断此句的语态。此句为被动句,先把动词写成被动语态的构成be planted。第二步,根据句中的时间状语判断出时态为一般过去时态。再把be planted中的be动词作相应的改变。即:were planted。又如:

Two pandas will be sent(send)to Taiwan.

注意:be动词与过去分词永远不分开,时态的改变只改变be动词,过去分词永远不变。

2、位于情态动词call,could,have to,must,will,would'shall,should,may,might,had better后面与情态动词共同构成谓语动词。此时动词用原形,否定时在情态动词后加not。

e.g.We can see(see)a lot offish in the river.

3、位于句首,该句有表示命令、要求的语气时,此句为祈使句。此时动词用原形,否定时在句前加don’t。

e.g.Ooen(open)the window.

4、谓语动词的填空有时会让你补充完成某种时态的动词形式。如1)e动词(am,is,are,was,were),助动词(do,does,did,have.has.had)后的行为动词。

1)be动词后的动词用现在分词,(该句为进行时态,此时主语必须为有生命的人或物,区别于动名词作表语的情况)

e.g.What are you doin~(do)?

I'm raising (raise)pigs.(现在进行时)

e.g Her job is raisin~(raise)pigs.(动名词作表语)

2)do,does,did,后面的动词用原形

e.g.What do you do(dO)?

3)have,has,had后动词用过去分词。(完成时态)

e.g.We have―stod―ied(study)here for three years.

二、非谓语动词

动词不定式在句中可充当主语、宾语、定语、表语、状语,动名词在句中可充当主语、宾语、表语,现在分词和过去分词可作定语、表语和状语。下面从所给动词在句中的不同位置加以论述。

1、所给动词位于句首,在句子中作主语。此时动词可用动名词或动词不定式作主语。两者的区别在于:动名词多表示客观、抽象、多次,动词不定式多表示一次性、将来、具体。

e.g.Walking(walk)is good exercise.

一learn foreign languag‘hardl0 leam a torel~n language 1S hard.提示:当动词不定式作主语时,我们常用it代替它作主语,而把不定式移到后部去。即初中常见的句型:It is+形容词+to do sth.

e.g.It is hard―to le―arn(1earn)English well.

2、所给动词位于谓语动词的后面,作宾语或表语。此时动词可用动名词或不定式,它的形式要取决于它前面的谓语动词。

(1)在动词finish,enjoy,mind,miss,keep,allow,dislike,call’t help,spend后面的动词用动名词作宾语.在be worth,be/get used to,be busy后面的动词用动名词作表语。E.g.Ienjoy playing(play)basketball.

(2)在单词want,wish,hope,ask,decide,learn,agree,tell,teach,would like,need等后的动词用不定式作宾语。否定动词不定式直接在不定式前面加not。E.g.They asked me to go.(go)home quickly.注意:动词不定式作宾语时,当句子后有形容词作宾语补足语时,常用it代替不定式,而把不定式放到后面去。

e.g.They found it impossible to get(get)everything ready in time.

(3)在like,love,hate,delay,continue,begin,prefer,start后的动词既可用不定式,又可按动名词。意义基本相同。

(4)有些动词后接动名词和动词不定式时意义完全不同。

如:remember,forget,reget,try接动名词时,表示后面动作已完成,接不定式时,表示动作未完成(表将来意义)。

e.g I forgot sending(send)an emalltomymother.(已发送)

I forgot―to s―end(send)an email to my mother.(未发送)

stop to do sth停下(正在做的事)去干另一件事

stop doing sth停止干…

go on doing sth继续做同一件事

go on to do sth继续去做(另一件事)

(5)特殊句型why not do sth,had better dosth,It’s time to―d―o sth,will you please dosth.

3、所给动词位于使役动词have,make,feel,let后面的动词,动词用不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。(在被动句中要带to)

e.g.He nmde US―cle―an(clean)our classroom・

We were made―to―cle―an(clean)’our classroom.

4、所给动词位于感官动词see,hear,notice,watch后,可用不带to的动词不定式(在被动句中要带to),也可用现在分词作宾语补足语。(用现在分词,表示动作正在发生,还没结束;用不带to的不定式,表示动作全过程已经结束了。)

e.g.He saw a girl get(get)on the tractor and drive off.(动作已结束)

He saw a girl getting(get)on the tractor.(动作正在进行)

5、所给动词位于介词后,动词用动名词作介词宾语。

动名词作宾语范文第5篇

一、动名词的句法功能

动名词在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语和同位语。

1.作主语

用来表示一般性或经常性的意义,有时可与不定式互换。如:

Swimming with dolphins is one of the world’s most profitable tourist activities.

注意:单个的动名词或动名词短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

例1 (2011年高考新课标卷)Planning so far ahead no sense—so many things will have changed by next year.

A. made B. is making

C. makes D. has made

解析:答案为C。动名词(planning so far ahead)在句中作主语。句意为:计划这么超前没有意义,到明年好多情况会发生变化的。破折号前说的是现在的客观情况,应该用一般现在时,因此正确答案为C。

动名词短语作主语时,为了避免句子头重脚轻,保持句子平衡,习惯将动名词短语放在句尾,而用it作形式主语。这样,句子结构一目了然,便于读者理解。如:

It’s no good spending too much time chatting or playing online games.

用于这种形式的表语常是一些特定的形容词或名词,如useful,good,nice,no use,no good,fun等。

2.作宾语

动名词既可作动词的宾语,也可作介词的宾语。如:

He loved experimenting and his aim was to become a scientist like his father.

The manager said he was looking forward to seeing all the newly-made plans carried out in time.

注意:句中若出现宾语补足语时,常用it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语后置。这样既保持句子结构紧凑,又便于读者理解。如:

We all consider it no use standing by and doing nothing.

例2 (2012年高考北京卷)One learns a language by making mistakes and  them.

A. corrects B. correct

C. to correct D. correcting

解析:答案为D。空格处缺的是一个与making mistakes并列的均作介词by的宾语的动名词。句意为:一个人就是通过不断地犯错并改正来学会一门语言。

例 3 (2012年高考上海卷) When Peter speaks in public,he always has trouble the right things to say.

A. thinking of B. to think of

C. thought of D. think of

解析:答案为A。考查固定搭配:have trouble(in) doing sth.意为“做……很费劲;做……有困难”。动名词作介词in的宾语,in可以省略。

例4 (2011年高考四川卷)Lydia doesn’t feel like _______ abroad. Her parents are old.

A. study B. studying

C. studied D. to study

解析:答案为B。句意为:莉迪娅不想去国外学习,她的父母年纪都大了。feel like后跟名词或者动名词作宾语,意为“想做某事”,因此正确答案为B。

3.作表语

多表示抽象性或习惯性的动作,通常说明主语的内容,与主语是对等的关系。如:

My hobby is painting.

The first step in making friends is associating with other people.

4.作定语

表示所修饰名词的用途。这时,可以改写成由for作定语的短语。如:

Last week I bought a new swimming suit(=suit for swimming).

The MITx will serve as the foundation for the new learning platform(=platform for learning).

5.作同位语

对前面的抽象名词进行进一步的解释或者补充说明。如:

His dream,going abroad to further his studies after graduation,has finally come true.

二、动名词的复合结构

1.构成

(1)物主代词+动名词

Do you mind my hanging out with Tom?

(2)人称代词+动名词

They don’t like me sitting in front of the computer all day long.

(3)名词所有格+动名词

Jack’s not attending the meeting on time made us worried.

(4)名词普通格+动名词

I can hardly imagine Stella carrying out the project all by herself.

含名词所有格的复合结构作宾语时,可以用普通格来代替,但是该复合结构作主语时,则不可以用普通格代替。

2.形式

(1)否定式:将not放在v.-ing前面。

Alice’s not passing the exam made her parents very angry.

动名词的复合结构部分可以改写成相关的从句。此句可以改写成:That Alice’s didn’t pass the exam made her parents very angry.

注意:动名词与其逻辑主语之间构成被动关系时,用被动式;动名词表示的动作发生在句子谓语动词动作之前时,用完成式。

(2)被动式:being+v.-ed。

She didn’t mind her notebooks being taken away and used by other fellow students.

例 5 (2012年高考福建卷)China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from in the South China Sea.

A. attacking B. having attacked

C. being attacked D. having been attacked

解析:答案为C。prevent sb. from doing sth.意为“阻止某人做某事”。句意为:中国最近加紧对黄岩岛的水域控制来阻止中国渔船在中国南海被袭击。本句中的fishing boats和attack是被动关系,因此正确答案为C。

(3)完成式:having+v.-ed。

I know something about his having gone to Atlanta.

3.句法功能

动名词的复合结构在句子中主要作主语和宾语。如:

(1)作主语

Tom’s coming home late worries his mother.

(2)作动词宾语

I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon.

(3)作介词宾语

动名词作宾语范文第6篇

关键词:科技英语;非谓语动词;翻译对策

科技英语中大量使用非谓语动词(动名词,分词,不定式)来替代相关的从句。动名词的使用可以减少时间从句,而使用分词可以减少定语从句、关系从句和时间从句,不定式还可以来替换另一个从句来表达目的、结果或功能。这些非谓语动词可以阐述句子内部各成分之间的内在逻辑关系,从而使科技英语行文紧凑,科学性强。

1.动名词

动名词是由动词原词+ing构成,以名词性为主,所以常作主语、宾语和表语等,但是也保有动词性,因此可以带宾语。此外,动名词还有主动态和被动态以及一般式和完成式之分,动名词的被动态由being done构成,动名词完成式由having done构成。

例1:Heating the water changes it into vapor.把水加热可以使水变为蒸汽。动名词heating相当于一个名词,在句中作主语。

例2:Atomic electric batteries can operate without being recharged for decades.原子电池能工作几十年而不需要再充电。being recharged 是动名词被动态。

2.分词

分词又分为现在分词和过去分词,它们都是非限定动词,所以在句子中不能单独充当谓语,但能充当定语,表语,状语和补语,并且具有动词的性质。现在分词与动名词相同,都是由动词原词+ing构成,因此也有语法书把它们统称为动词-ing形式。规则动词的过去分词由动词原形+ed构成。

2.1分词作定语

例3:The vibrations causing sound are transmitted through air at a speed of about 340 meters per second.发出声音的震动,在空气中传播的速度大约为每秒340米。现在分词causing 作后置定语修饰前面的the vibrations,与动名词做定语不同是的,现在分词说明被修饰名词的性质或动作等。causing在这里相当于定语从句which cause sound。

2.2分词作表语

例4:Some of their recent findings are reassuring.他们的一些发现,让人欣慰。现在分词reassuring用在系动词be之后,作表语,说明 findings的性质。

2.3分词作状语

分词或者分词短语作状语时,往往具有时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式方法、伴随或补充说明等含义。分词作状语时,其行为的主体就是句中的主语。分词短语可放在句首、句中或者句尾,通常用逗号与句子隔开。

例5:When heated,a body will expand.物体受热时就膨胀。分词短语when heated在句首,作句子的状语,它的逻辑主语是body,与逻辑主语的关系是被动的,这个分词短语相当于时间状语从句when a body is heated。

例6:The molecules in a liquid,more strongly attracted to each other,do not have as much freedom of motion as gas molecules have.由于液体分子之间的吸引力较大,所以他们不能象气体分子那样自由运动。过去分词attracted的逻辑主语就是句子的主语the molecules,相当于原因状语从句because the molecules in a liquid are more strongly attracted to each other。

2.4分词作补语

例7:To keep a body moving,you have to apply less force than you did to start it.保持一个物体运动比启动该物体所必须施加的力要小。现在分词moving是宾语body的补足语,它与body有逻辑上主谓关系,表示主动和状态。

3.不定式

不定式是由to+动词原形构成。动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式,没有人称、数的变化、它具有动词、名词、形容词和副词的某些功能。不定式在句子中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补足语。不定式有时态和语态的变化,进行式是to be doing;完成式是to have done;被动式是to be done;完成被动式to have been done;完成进行式to have been doing。

例8:To lift a weight from the ground on to a table requires expenditure of power.把一个重物从地面搬到桌子上来需要消耗能量。to lift是目的状语,带了自己的宾语a weight,在句中作主语。

例9:Wherever rocks are to be seen in cliffs and quarries,their arrangement and sequence can be observed and their story deciphered.无论是在峭壁还是在采石场见到的岩石,对它们的排列和顺序进行观察,就可以揭示其历史的演变。to be seen是不定式的被动态,是句子的表语,表示动作还未发生。

通过对科技英语非谓语动词的探讨,给了翻译工作者很多的启示,在翻译实践中,译者应该认真分析非谓语动词,进而得出合适的译文。根据非谓语动词在句中的成分,然后采用直译的方法,使译文符合汉语的表达方式,使译文显得更加客观严谨,更加符合汉语的表达方式。

参考文献:

[1]陈迪宇.科技英语翻译中的句法分析.上海翻译,1999(03).

[2]贾秋仙.科技英语中的非谓语动词及其翻译.科教导刊,2010(12):212―213.

[3]吴春梅.科技英语的句法特点及其翻译.科技信息,2007(15):101.

动名词作宾语范文第7篇

[关键词] 英语 it 应用

it在英语中是一个很重要的词,掌握好它的用法,对于今后的学习很重要,下面,我就对it的用法进行如下一些总结:

1.it是代词。指除人以外的一切生物和事物,用来指代时间、季节、天气、距离、环境。在这里,it是一个虚词,没有任何实际意义。例如:

What’s the date today?今天几号?

It’s July 1.七月一号

How far is it from the bus station to your home?

2.it用作主语,用来指代文中出现过的人或事,此时用来代替一个名词,一个短语,一个从句或一个句子。在句中可指生物,无生物,不明性别的婴儿,也可以指一个动作或一件事物,还可以指明人或事物的身份。在这里是有实意的。例如:

What’s this?这是什么?

It’s a computer.这是一台计算机。

He tried to get rid of smoking,but it was impossible.他尝试着戒烟,但那是不可能的。

3.it用作形式上的主语,为了避免将句中作真正主语的不定式,动名词和名词子句置于句首造成头重脚轻,习惯上可用作形式主语置于句首,指代后面的真正主语,使句子显得流畅。作形式主语句型有:

it +谓语+不定式

it +谓语+动名词

it +谓语+名词从句

(1)不定式具有名词性质,可用作主语。例如:

Tocompromise is sensible.=It is sensible to compromise.互相妥协是明智的。

此句译成汉语时,没有实际意义,要把后置的不定式作为主语来翻译。例如:

It is necessary to have a good sleep before the test.=To have a good sleep before the is necessary.考试前好好睡一觉是很必要的。

It is wrong to do so.=To do so is wrong.这样做是错误的。

(2)与不定式不同,动名词作主语时,一般置于句子开端,置于句尾时常将动名词改成不定式。因此,用代替动名词作形式主语的句子较少,主要用在以no use,useless,not any use,not much use,not any good,not much good,no help,dangerous等词作主语补足语的句子中。例如:

It is useless(no use)talking to the old man about it.和一位老人谈论这些是没有用的。

It is dangerous playing with fire.玩火是危险的。

4.it可以替由that连接代词或连接副词引导名词性从句。例如:

It is a pity that her sister cannot go skating with us.=That her sister cannot go skating with us is a pity.他的姐姐不能和我们去溜冰,这真令人遗憾。

5.it is强调句型

句子结构一般it +be +被强调的部分+字句。在句中没有实际意义。

(1)强调主语。例如:

It was his brother who (that) broke the cup.

(2)强调宾语

(A)强调直接宾语。例如:

It was a New Year card that he sent his classmate.他寄给他同学的是一张新年卡片。

(B)强调间接宾语。例如:

It was his classmate that (whom) he sent a New Year card to.他将新年卡片寄给他的同学。

(C)强调状语。

(a)强调时间状语。例如:

It was every Monday afternoon that Mrs Smith teaches us English.史密斯先生每星期一下午给我们讲英语。

(b)强调地点状语。例如:

It was before the fireplace that the old woman was sitting.这位老妇人坐在壁灯前。

(D)强调宾语补足语。例如:

It was wrong that we considered him.我们认为他是错误的。

(E)强调主语补足语。例如:

It is little Tiger that he is called.他被称作小老虎。

另外,要熟记以下的一些搭配:

(a)It is a period of time since +主语+ did something自…以来已有一段时间。例如:

It is two years since he left here.他离开这儿已有2年了。

(b)It is no use doing something…做…无用。例如:

It is no use doing so.那么做没用。

(c)It is said that…据说。例如:

It is said that something has been done to end the strike.据说已采取措施结束罢工。

(d)It is well known (to all) that…众所周知。例如:

It is known (to all) that we Chinese people are against war.众所周知,我们中国人民反对战争。

(e)It was (not) long (hours,weeks,months) before +从句。例如:

It was not long before she came back.不久她就回来了。

6.It seems that…例如:

It seems that he were ill.他好像有病了。

7.It takes (took)+时间+ to do something例如:

It takes three weeks to finish the work.完成这项工作得用3周时间。

8.It is (was) not until…that例如:

It was not until yesterday that I received a letter from him.直到昨天我才收到你的信。

9.It is…for one to…例如:

It’s good for us to be here.我们到这来真好。

10.It is+adj.+of+somebody to do something(能用此句型的形容词常见有:kind,good,nice,foolish,stupid,wrong,clever等)。例如:

It is very kind of you to help us.承蒙帮助,不胜感激。

动名词作宾语范文第8篇

关键词:高频 英语动词 复合宾语结构 汇集

一、leave+复合宾语结构(表示让某人或某事处于某种状)

1. leave + n/pron(名词/代词作宾语)+ n.(名词作宾语补足语)

His parents died , leaving him an orphan.

2. leave + n/pron(名词/代词作宾语)+ to do.(不定式作宾语补足语)

All of them hurried home and left me to do all the rest work.

3. leave + n/pron(名词/代词作宾语)+ doing.(现在分词作宾语补足语)

Don't leave water running to clean vegetables.

4. leave + n/pron(名词/代词作宾语)+ done.(过去分词作宾语补足语)

You should not have left the task unfinished even if you were away.

5. leave + n/pron(名词/代词作宾语)+prep--phrase(介词短语作宾语补足语)

Leave him in bed, because he feels sick.

6. leave + n/pron(名词/代词作宾语)+ adv.(副词作宾语补足语)

Someone has left all the lights of the office on.

7. leave + n/pron(名词/代词作宾语)+clause(从句作宾语补足语)

Please leave the book where it is after reading.

二、find+复合宾语结构(表示发现,觉得或者发现……处于某种状)

1. find+ n/pron(名词/代词作宾语)+ n.(名词作宾语补足语)

They found me the suitable person for the post.

2. find+ n/pron(名词/代词作宾语)+ to be.(不定式to be作宾语补足语)

I find the kid to be happy and cheerful all day.

3. find+ n/pron(名词/代词作宾语)+ doing.(现在分词作宾语补足语)

They found some boys clibming over the walls of the school.

4. find+ n/pron(名词/代词作宾语)+ done.(过去分词作宾语补足语)

When he came in, he found all the classmates seated at the desks.

5. find+ n/pron(名词/代词作宾语)+prep--phrase(介词短语作宾语补足语)

He found the film ticket out of date.

6. find+ n/pron(名词/代词作宾语)+ adj.(形容词作宾语补足语)

I find the story instructive.

7. find + n/pron(名词/代词作宾语)+ adv.(副词作宾语补足语)

Did you find her in?

三、keep+复合宾语结构(表示使某人或某事保持在某一状态)

1. keep+ n/pron(名词/代词作宾语)+ doing.(现在分词作宾语补足语)

2. keep+ n/pron(名词/代词作宾语)+ done.(过去分词作宾语补足语)

3. keep+ n/pron(名词/代词作宾语)+prep--phrase(介词短语作宾语补足语)

4. keep+ n/pron(名词/代词作宾语)+ adj.(形容词作宾语补足语)

5. keep + n/pron(名词/代词作宾语)+ adv.(副词作宾语补足语)

四、make+复合宾语结构(表示使得某人或某物怎么样)

1. make+ n/pron(名词/代词作宾语)+ n.(名词作宾语补足语)

They made Smith captain of the basebll team .

注:职务名词充当宾补时其前面不要加冠词。

2. make+ n/pron(名词/代词作宾语)+ adj.(形容词作宾语补足语)

My coming late for school made the teacher very angry .

3. make + n/pron(名词/代词作宾语)+ do.(不带to的不定式作宾语补足语)

He made me change my mind in the end .

4. make+ n/pron(名词/代词作宾语)+ done.(过去分词作宾语补足语)

He raised his voice to make himself heard .

5. make+ n/pron(名词/代词作宾语)+prep--phrase(介词短语作宾语补足语)

Please make yourself at home.

五、feel+复合宾语结构(表示感到,认为某人或某物怎么样)

1. feel+ n/pron(名词/代词作宾语)+ n.(名词作宾语补足语)

She used to feel herself a very important person in the club .

2. feel+ n/pron(名词/代词作宾语)+ adj.(形容词作宾语补足语)

They feel the suggestion I put forward at the meeting very pratical .

3.feel + n/pron(名词/代词作宾语)+ do.(不带to的不定式作宾语补足语)

I felt the floor move while I was watering the flowers in the garden .

4. feel+ n/pron(名词/代词作宾语)+ doing.(现在分词作宾语补足语)

At the sound of the exciting new , I felt my heart beating faster .

5. feel+ n/pron(名词/代词作宾语)+ done.(过去分词作宾语补足语)

He helt himself forced to take the action to fight back in the conflict .

六、特别关注以下两种动词的复合宾语结构

1. to be短语用作宾语补足补语( S + Vt + O + to be ... ),常用词有think, believe, consider, prove等,注意有时 to be 可以省略。

2.有时宾语是从句、不定式、动名词,后接形容词或名词作宾补,为了使句子平衡,须用 it 作形式宾语,把真正的宾语放在句尾。常用词有make , think , believe , consider , find , feel等。

结构为: S + Vt + it +adj/n + that―clause = S + Vt + it + is + adj/n + that―clause

S + Vt + it +adj/n +(for sb)to do = S + Vt + it + is + adj/n +(for sb)to do

S + Vt + it +adj/n + doing = S + Vt + it + is + adj/n + doing

He thinks it no use taking this kind of medicine .

They found it strange that no one took the money .

I felt it my duty to report it to the headmaster .