中英文对照
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中英文对照范文第1篇
当我们走路时，我们看着清洁窗户的人用暖水清洗华盛顿的窗户。
give me the gift of a grip top sock: a drip-drape, ship-shape, and tip-top sock.
给我一双有禁袜带的袜子：悬挂状的，船行的，品质一流的袜子。
betty and bob brought back blue balloons from the big bazaar.
betty和bob从大杂货店市场上买了蓝气球。
susan shines shoes and socks; she ceased shining shoes and socks for shoes and socks shock susan.
susan把鞋子和袜子擦亮，她停止了将鞋子和袜子擦亮，因为鞋子和袜子把susan吓坏了。
sarah saw a shot-silk sash shop full of shot-silk sashes as the sunshine shone on the side of the shot-silk sash shop.
萨拉看到闪光丝饰品店挂满了闪光丝饰品，好象太阳在店边上发出刺眼的光芒。
chop shops stock chops.
印章店备有印章。
brad's big black bath brush broke.
brad's的黑色大浴刷断了。
six shimmering sharks sharply striking shins.
六条闪亮的鲨鱼吸引人的胫骨。
don't pamper damp scamp tramps that camp under ramp lamps.
不要纵容那些斜坡的街灯下露营的湿着身子的流浪街童。
i never felt a piece of felt which felt as fine as that felt felt, when first i felt that felt hat‘s felt.
在我了解到那个毡帽的手感后，再也没有觉得哪个毛毡的手感和那次感觉得一样好了。
what a shame such a shapely sash should such shabby stitches show?
这幺有形的腰带却用这幺破旧的缝线，多丢人啊。
中英文对照范文第2篇
【如果只是遇见，不能停留，不如不遇见】
2、I would like weeping with the smile rather than repenting with the cry。
【宁愿笑著流泪，也不哭著说后悔】
3、When a cigarette falls in love with a match,it is destined to be hurt.
【当香烟爱上火柴时，就注定受到伤害】
4、No man or woman is worth your tears, and the one who is, won‘t make you cry.
【没有人值得你流泪，值得让你这么做的人不会让你哭泣】
5、No one indebted for others,while many people don''t know how to cherish others.
【没有谁对不起谁，只有谁不懂得珍惜谁】
6、do not seat your love upon a precipice because it is high.
【不要因为峭壁是高的，便让你的爱情坐在峭壁上】
7、Never frown, even when you are sad, because you never know who is falling in love with your smile.
【纵然伤心，也不要愁眉不展，因为你不知是谁会爱上你的笑容】
8、The worst way to miss someone is to be sitting right beside them knowing you can't have them.
【失去某人，最糟糕的莫过于，他近在身旁，却犹如远在天边】
9、Don’t forget the things you once you owned. Treasure the things you can’t get. Don't give up the things that belong to you and keep those lost things in memory.
【曾经拥有的，不要忘记。不能得到的，更要珍惜。属于自己的，不要放弃。已经失去的，留作回忆】
中英文对照范文第3篇
Livelongandproper!
祝财运亨通！
Maymanyfortunesfindtheirwaytoyou!
愿你健康长寿！
Iwanttowishyoulongevityandhealth!
请多保重！
Takegoodcareofyourselfintheyearahead.
祝你今后获得更大成就。
Wishingyoumanyfuturesuccesses.
在这特殊的日子，向你致以新年的祝福，希望不久我们能相聚在一起。
OnthisspecialdayIsendyouNewYear’sgreetingsandhopethatsomedaysoonweshallbetogether.
祝新年快乐，并愿你幸福吉祥，前程似锦。
Iwouldliketowishyouajoyousnewyearandexpressmyhopeforyourhappinessandgoodfuture.
愿新年带给你和你所爱的人许多美好的事物和无尽的祝福！
MaytheNewYearbringmanygoodthingsandrichblessingstoyouandallthoseyoulove!
祝你在新的一年里身体健康，多福多寿。
Richblessingsforhealthandlongevityismyspecialwishforyouinthecomingyear.
祝好运、健康、佳肴伴你度过一个快乐新年。
Goodluck,goodhealth,hoodcheer.IwishyouahappyNewYear.
祝新年快乐，并致以良好的祝福。
WithbestwishesforahappyNewYear!
谨祝新年快乐幸福，大吉大利。
IhopeyouhaveamosthappyandprosperousNewYear.
祝贺佳节。
Withthecomplimentsoftheseason.
愿节日的愉快伴你一生。
Maytheseason’sjoyfillyoualltheyearround.
祝福您，新年快乐。
Season’sgreetingsandbestwishesfortheNewYear.
请接受我节日的祝贺。
Pleaseacceptmyseason’sgreetings.
恭祝新年吉祥，幸福和欢乐与你同在。
Towishyoujoyatthisholyseason.Wishingeveryhappinesswillalwaysbewithyou.
恭祝健康、幸运，新年快乐。
Goodhealth,goodluckandmuchhappinessthroughouttheyear.
愿快乐幸福永伴你左右。
Maythejoyandhappinessaroundyoutodayandalways.
请接受我诚挚的新年祝福，顺祝身体健康。
PleaseacceptmysincerewishesfortheNewYear.Ihopeyouwillcontinuetoenjoygoodhealth.
恭贺新禧，祝身体健康、事业发达。
AllowmetocongratulateyouonthearrivaloftheNewYearandtoextendtoyouallmybestwishesforyourperfecthealthandlastingprosperity.
恭贺新禧，万事如意。
WithverybestwishesforyourhappinessintheNewYear.
致以最良好的祝福，原你新年快乐幸福。
PleaseacceptourwishesforyouandyoursforahappyNewYear.
请接受我们对你及你全家的美好祝福，祝你们新年快乐。
MaythecomingNewYearbringyoujoy,loveandpeace.
愿新年为你带来快乐，友爱和宁静。
WishingyouhappinessduringtheholidaysandthroughouttheNewYear.
祝节日快乐，新年幸福。
AhappyNewYeartoyou.
献上节日的问候与祝福,愿你拥有一个充满生机和欢乐的新年。
Season’sgreetingsandsincerewishesforabrightandhappyNewYear!
给你我无尽的新的祝福，让它们成为我们永恒友谊的新的纪念。
Igiveyouendlessbrand-newgoodwishes.Pleaseacceptthemasanewremembranceofourlastingfriendship.
祝来年好运，并取得更大的成就。
GoodluckandgreatsuccessinthecomingNewYear.
在此新年之际，我同夫人向你及你的家人致以节日的问候，并祝你们新年快乐、事业有成、家庭幸福。
OntheoccasionoftheNewYear,maymywifeandIextendtoyouandyoursourwarmestgreetings,wishingyouahappyNewYear,yourcareergreatersuccessandyourfamilyhappiness.
中英文对照范文第4篇
思想成熟、精明能干、为人诚实。
excellent ability of systematical management.
有极强的系统管理能力。
ability to work independent1y，mature and resourcefu1.
能够独立工作、思想成熟、应变能力强。
a person with ability plus flexibility should app1y.
需要有能力及适应力强的人。
a stable personality and high sense of responsibility are desirable.
个性稳重、具高度责任感。
work well with a multi-cultural and diverse work force.
能够在不同文化和工作人员的背景下出色地工作。
bright，aggressive applicants.
反应快、有进取心的应聘者。
ambitious attitude essential.
有雄心壮志。
initiative，independent and good communication skill.
积极主动、独立工作能力强，并有良好的交际技能。
willing to work under pressure with leardership quality.
愿意在压力下工作，并具领导素质。
willing to assume responsibilities.
应聘者须勇于挑重担。
mature，self-motivated and strong interpersonal skills.
思想成熟、上进心强，并具极丰富的人际关系技巧。
energetic，fashion-minded person.
精力旺盛、思想新潮。
with a pleasant mature attitude.
开朗成熟。
strong determination to succeed.
有获得成功的坚定决心。
strong leadership skills.
有极强的领导艺术。
ability to work well with others.
能够同他人一道很好地工作。
highly-motivated and reliable person with excellent health and pleasant personality.
上进心强又可靠者，并且身体健康、性格开朗。
the ability to initiate and operate independently.
有创业能力，并能独立地从业。
strong leadership skill while possessing a great team spirit.
有很高的领导艺术和很强的集体精神。
be highly organized and effecient.
工作很有条理，办事效率高。
willing to learn and progress.
肯学习进取。
good presentation skills.
有良好的表达能力。
positive active mind essential.
有积极、灵活的头脑。
ability to deal with personnel at all levels effectively。
善于同各种人员打交道。
have positive work attitude and be willing and able to work diligently without supervision。
有积极的工作态度，愿意和能够在没有监督的情况下勤奋地工作。
young，bright，energetic with strong career-ambition.
年轻、聪明、精力充沛，并有很强的事业心。
good people management and communication skills. team player.
有良好的人员管理和交际能力。能在集体中发挥带头作用。
able to work under high pressure and time limitation.
能够在高压力下和时间限制下进行工作。
be elegant and with nice personality.
举止优雅、个人性格好。
with good managerial skills and organizational capabilities.
有良好的管理艺术和组织能力。
the main qualities required are preparedness to work hard, ability to learn, ambition and good health.
主要必备素质是吃苦耐劳精神好、学习能力优、事业心强和身体棒。
having good and extensive social connections.
具有良好而广泛的社会关系。
being active, creative and innonative is a plus.
思想活跃、有首创和革新精神尤佳。
中英文对照范文第5篇
第一章 总则
definitions and interpretation
定义和释义
1．（1）in the contract，as hereinafter defined，the following words and expressions shall have the meanings hereby assigned to them，except where the context otherwise requires：
1．1在本合同中，除按上下文另具意义者外，下列词语应解释如下：
（a）'employer' means the party named in part ii who will employ the contractor and the legal successors in title to the employer，but not，except with the consent of the contractor，any assignee of the employer．
“业主”指第二章中所指定的雇用承包人的一方或其权利继承人，但不包括业主的受让人，经承包人同意者除外。
（b）“contractor”means the person or persons，firm or company whose tender has been accepted by the employerand includes the contractor’s personal representatives，successors and permitted assigns．
“承包人”指标书已被业主接受的某个或某些人、商行或公司，包括其个人代表，继承人和业经认可的受让人。
（c）“engineer”means the engineer designated as such in part ii，or other engineer appointed from time to time by the employer and notified in writing to the contractor to act as engineer for the purposes of the contract in place of the engineer、designated．
“工程师”指第二章中所指定的工程师，或由业主随时任命且书面通知承包人以代替指定工程师履行合同职责的其他工程师。
（d) 'engineer’s representative' means any resident engineer or assistant of the engineer or any clerk of works appointed from time to time by the employer or the engineer to perform the duties set forth in clause 2 hereof，whose authority shall be notified in writing to the contractor by the engineer．
“工程师代表”指任何常驻工程技术人员、工程师助手，或由业主或工程师随时任命履行本合同第二条规定职责的任何工程现场监督，其权限应由工程师书面通告承包人。
（e) “works” shall include both permanent works and temporary works，
“工程”包括永久性工程和临建工程。
（f）“contract” means the conditions of contract，specification，drawings，priced bill of quantities，schedule of rates and prices，if any，tender，letter of acceptance and the contract agreement，if completed．
“合同”指合同条款、技术规范、图纸、标价的建筑工程清单、单价和价格表（如果有），还可指标书、接受证书以及承包协议（如已完成）。共59页，当前第1页1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950515253545556575859
（g) “contract price” means the sum named in the letter of acceptance, subject to such additions thereto or deductions therefrom as may be made under the provisions hereinafter contained．
“合同价格”指在接受证书中确定的数额，可按本合同以下条款规定增减。
（h)“constructional plant' means all appliances or things of whatsoever nature required in or about the execution or maintenance of the works but does not include materials or other things intended to form or forming part of the permanent works．
“建筑设备”指工程施工和维修中或有关施工和维修所需的全部设备或物品，不论任何性质，但不包括旨在构成或正在构成永久性工程某一部分的材料或其他物品。
（i）“temporary works' means all temporary works of every kind required in or about the execution or maintenance of the works．
“临建工程”指工程施工或维修或有关工程施工或维修所需的各种临时工程。
（j）“permanent works”means the permanent works to be executed and maintained in accordance with the contract．
“永久性工程”指按合同将施工和维修的永久工程。
（k） “specification” means the specification referred to in the tender and any modification thereof or addition thereto as may from time to time be furnished or approved in writing by the engineer．
“技术规范”指在标书或任何标书更改中提及的规范，或由工程师随时可能增加或书面同意增加的部分。
（1）“drawings” means the drawings referred to in the specification and any modification of such drawings approved in writing by the engineer and such other drawings as may from time to time be furnished or approved in writing by the engineer．
“图纸”指技术规范中规定的图纸，经工程师书面同意对此种图纸所作的任何更改，以及可由工程师随时提供或书面认同的其他图纸。
（m） “site” means the land and other places on，under，in or through which the permanent works or temporary works designed by the engineer are to be executed and any other lands and places provided by the employer for working space or any other purpose as may be apecifically designated in the contract as forming part of the site．
“工地”指工程师设计的永久性或临建工程施工所需的土地及其他场地，包括地面、地下、在之上或通过部分，以及由业主所提供的用作临时储存或其他目的的其他土地或场所，只要能按合同明文规定构成工地的组成部分。
（n）“approved” means approved in writing，including subsequent written confirmation ofprevious verbalapproval and“approval' means approval in writing，including as aforesaid．共59页，当前第2页1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950515253545556575859
“业经认可”指已经经书面认可，包括过后对口头认可的书面确认，“认可”指书面认可，包括上述规定在内。
（2）words importing the singular only also include the plural and vice versa where the context requires•
1．2按合同上下文所需，单数含义的单词也可具有复数的含义，反之一样。
（3）the headings and marginal notes in these conditions of contract shall not be deemed to be part thereof or be taken into consideration in the interpretation or construction thereof or of the contract．
1．3合同条款的标题和边注不得视为合同的一部分，不得用于考虑解释条款或合同。
（4）the word“cost' shall be deemed to include overhead costs whether on or off the site．
1．4“费用”一词应视为含工地上或以外发生的间接费用。
engineer and engineer’s reprf．sfntative
工程师及工程师代表
2．（1）the engineer shall carry out such duties in issuing decisions，certificates and orders as are specified in the contract．in the event of the engineer being required in terms of his appointment by the employer to obtain the specific approval of the employer for the execution of any part of these duties，this shall be set out in part ii of these conditions．
2．1工程师必须按合同明文规定，履行作决断、颁发证书和发出指令等职责。如业主签发的工程师任命书中规定其某些职责的履行得经业主专门认可，其要件应在本合同第二部分予以规定。
（2）the engineer may from time to time in writing delegate to the engineer's representative any of the powers and authorities vested in the engineer and shall furnish to the contractor and to the employer a copy of all such written delegations of powers and authorities． any written instruction or approval given by the engineer’s representative to the contractor within the terms of such delegation，but not otherwise，shall bind the contractor and the employer as though it had been given by the engineer．provided always as follws：
2．2工程师可随时书面授权其代表代行其任何职权，但必须将所有此种授权书的副本提交给承包人和业主。在授权期间，工程师代表给承包人的任何书面指令或认可（仅限于此）对承包人和业主具有与工程师的指令或认可同样的效力。以下规定属于例外：
（a） failure of the engineer's representative to disapprove any work or materials shall not prejudice the power of the engineer thereafter to disapprove such work or materials and to order the pulling down，removal or breaking up thereof．共59页，当前第3页1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950515253545556575859
工程师代表对任何工程或材料的不予否认，不得影响工程师此后否认以及命令拆毁、移动或拆除此种工程或材料的权力。
（b）if the contractor shall be dissatisfied by reason of any decisions of the engineer's representative he shall be entitled to refer the matter to the engineer，who shall thereupon confirm，reverse or vary such decision．
若承包人对工程师代表的任何决定不满意，其有权将此决定提交工程师确认、取消或更改。
assignment and sub—letting
转让和分包
3．the contractor shall not assign the contract or any part thereof，or any benefit or interest therein or thereunder，otherwise than by a charge in favor of the contractor's bankers of any monies due or to become due under this contract，without the prior written consent of the employer．
3．未经业主事前书面同意，承包人不得将合同或其他任何部分，或合同所规定或依合同而产生的任何收益转让，向承包人的开户银行支付按本合同规定到期或即将到期的款项除外。
4．the contractor shall not sub-let the whole of the works．except where otherwise provided by the contract，the contractor shall not sub-let any part of the works without the prior written consent of the engineer，which shall not be unreasonably withheld，and such consent，if given，shall not relieve the（contractor from any liability or obligation under the contract and he shall be responsible for the acts，defaults and neglects of any sub-contractor，his agents，servants or workmen as fully as if they were the acts，defaults or neglects of the contractor，his agents． servants or workmen．provided always that the provision of labor on a piecework basis shall not be deemed to be a subletting under the clause．
4．承包人不得转包整个工程。除非合同另有规定，未经工程师事前书面同意，承包人也不得分包工程的任何部分，但工程师不得无故不同意分包，一旦同意分包，此种同意不得免去承包人所承担的任何合同所规定的责任或义务，他必须对任何分包人、其人、雇员或工人的行为、不履行和过失负完全责任，如同这些行为、不履行或过失是承包人、其人、雇员或工人所为。以计件方式提供劳力不得视为是本条所规定的分包。
共59页，当前第4页1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950515253545556575859
contract documents
合同文件
5．（1）there shall be stated in part 1i of these conditions：
5．1以下要件得在合同第二部分规定：
（a）the language or languages in which the contract documents shall be drawn up and．
用以起草合同文件的语言；
（b）the country or state，the law of which is to apply to the contract and according to which
the contract is to be construed．
合同适用哪个国家的法律以及用哪个国家的法律解释合同。
if the said documents are written in more than one language，the language according to which the contract is to be construed and interpreted shall also be designated in part ii，being therein designated the “ruling language”．
如果文件用一种以上语言作成，用以解释合同的语言也必须在第二部分中规定，且将被寇为“主体语言”。
（2）except if and to the extent otherwise provided by the contract，the provisions of the conditions of contract parts ⅰ and ⅱshall prevail over those of any other document forming part of the contract．subject to the foregoing，the several documents forming the contract are to be taken as mutually explanatory of one another，but in case of ambiguities or discrepancies the same shall be explained and adjusted by the engineer who shall thereupon issue to the contractor instructions thereon．provided always that if，in the opinion of the engineer，compliance with any such instructions shall involve the contractor in any cost，which by reason of any such ambiguity or discrepancy could not reasonably have been foreseen by the contractor，the engineer shall certify and the employer shall pay such additional sum as may be reasonable to cover such costs．
5．2除合同中另有规定外，合同第一、二部分的条款规定优于其他任何构成合同的文件的规定。以上述规定为准，构成合同的数个文件可视为能互相解释，如意思含糊或不一致时，由工程师解释和处理，并由此向承包人发出指令。如工程师认为，服从此种指令会使承包人发生额外费用，而此种费用是承包人由于上述意思含糊或不一致而按理无法预见的，工程师应予以证明，业主必须支付相应的额外款额以补偿此种费用。
6．（1）the drawings shall remain in the sole custody of the engineer，but two copies thereof shall be furnished to the contractor free of charge．the contractor shall provide and make at his own expense any further copies required by him．at the completion of the contract the contractor shall return to the engineer all drawings provided under the contract．共59页，当前第5页1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950515253545556575859
6．1图纸由工程师独自保管，但须向承包人免费提供两份副本。承包人所需的其余副本由他自己制作并承担费用。合同履行后，承包人须将全部合同图纸归还工程师。
（2）one copy of the drawings，furnished to the contractor as aforesaid，shall be kept by the contractor on the site and the same shall at all reasonable times be available for inspection and use by the engineer and the engineer's representative and by any other person authorized by the engineer in writing．
6．2承包人必须将按上述规定所提交的一份图纸副本留在工地，让工程师及其代表，或工程师书面授权的任何其他人在所有合理的时间内查阅使用。
（3）the contractor shall give written notice to the engineer whenever planning or progress of the works' is likely to be delayed or disrupted unless any further drawing or order，including a direction，instruction or approval，is issued by the engineer within a reasonable time．the notice shall include details of the drawing or order required and of why and by when it is required and of any delay or disruption likely to be suffered if it is late．
6．3如工程师不在适当时间内再提供图纸或命令，包括指示、指令或认可，工程计划或进展便可能被延误或中断时，承包人必须书面通知工程师。通知书中应详细说明所需的图纸或命令，所需原因和时间，以及如果不及时提供而可能造成的任何延误和中断。
（4）if，by reason of any failure or inability of the engineer to issue within a time reasonable in all the circumstances any drawing or order requested by the contractor in accordance with subclause（3）of this clause，the contractor suffers delay and/or incurs costs then the engineer shall take such delay into account in determining any extension of time to which the contractor is entitled under clause 44 hereof and the contractor shall be paid the amount of such cost as shall be reasonable．
6．4如承包人按本条第3款规定索要图纸或命令，由于工程师没有或不能在合理时间内
提供，从而导致承包人误工和左戊承担费用，工程师必须考虑此种延误，以决定是否按本合同第44条规定延长承包人的工期，且只要有理由，承包人所承担的此种费用必须得到补偿。
7．the engineer shall have full power and authority to supply to the contractor from time to time, during the progress of the works，such further drawings and instructions as shall be necessary for the purpose of the proper and adequate execution and maintenance of the works． the contractor shall carry out and be bound by the same．共59页，当前第6页1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950515253545556575859
7．在施工期间，工程师全权负责随时进一步向承包人提供图纸和指示，以满足工程正常施工和维护所需。承包人必须执行且受图纸和指示的约束。
general obligations
总义务
8．（1）the contractor shall，subject to the provisions of the contract，and with due care and diligence, execute and maintain the works and provide all labor，including the supervision thereof, materials，constructional plant and all other things，whether of a temporary or permanent nature，required in and for such execution and maintenance，so far as the necessity for providing the same is specified in or is reasonably to be inferred from the contract．
8．1承包人必须根据合同条款，对工程的施工和维护予以应有的注意，且提供此种施工和维护所必需的包括劳动管理在内的所有劳力、材料、施工成套设备及其他一切物品，不管其是临时或长期性质，只要合同明文规定需要或根据合同合理推断需要。
（2）the contractor shall take full responsibility for the adequacy，stability and safety of all site operations and methods of construction，provided that the contractor shall not be responsible, except as may be expressly provided in the contract，for the design or specification of the permanent works，or for the design or specification of any temporary works prepared by the engineer•
8．2承包人必须对现场操作和施工方法的恰当、稳定及安全性负全部责任。除非合同另有明文规定，承包人对工程师制定的永久性工程的设计或规格，或临建工程的设计或规格概不负责。
9．the contractor shall，when called upon so to do，enter into and execute a contract agreement，to be prepared and completed at the cost of the employer，in the form annexed with such modification as may be necessary，
9．如经要求，承包人必须签署一承包协议，该协议由业主制定并承担费用，协议应附带必要的修正条款。
10．if，for the due performance of the contract，the tender shall contain an undertaking by
the contractor to obtain，when required，a bond or guarantee of an insurance company or bank, or other approved sureties to be jointly and severally bound with the contractor to the employer, in a sum not exceeding that stated in the letter of acceptance for such bond or guarantee，the said insurance company or bank or sureties and the terms of the said bond or guarantee shall be such as shall be approved by the employer． the obtaining of such bond or guarantee or theprovision of such sureties and the cost of the bond or guarantee to be so entered into shall be at the expense in all respects of the contractor，unless the contract otherwise provides．共59页，当前第7页1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950515253545556575859
10．为正常履行合同，在标书中，承包人应承诺按要求取得保险公司或银行的保单或保函，或其他业经认可由承包人向业主负连带责任的担保，其数额不超过验收证书中规定的保单或保函额，上述保险公司、银行或担保以及上述保单或保函的条款必须经业主认可。此种保单或保函的取得或担保的提供，以及缔结保单或保函的费用应全部由承包人承担，合同中另有规定的除外。
11．the employer shall have made available to the contractor with the tender documents such data on hydrological and sub-surface conditions as shall have been obtained by or on behalf of the employer from investigations undertaken relevant to the works and the tender shall be deemed to have been based on such data，but the contractor shall be responsible for his own interpretation thereof．
11．业主必须在招标文件中向承包人提供由业主或其人在进行工程考察时获得的水文及地质情况资料，标书必须视为是基于此种资料所制定的，但承包人必须对资料的理解自行负责。
the contractor shall also be deemed to have inspected and examined the site and its surroundings and information available in connection therewith and to have satisfied himself，so far as is practicable，before submitting his tender，as to the form and nature thereof，including the sub-surface conditions，the hydrological and climatic conditions，the extent and nature of work and materials necessary for the completion of the works，the means of access to the site and the accommodation he may require and，in general，shall be deemed to have obtained all necessary information，subject as above mentioned，as to risks，contingencies and all other circumstances which may influence of affect his tender．
承包人也必须被视为已视察了工地及周围环境，查阅了可获得的有关工地资料，且在提交标书前，对一切实际情况，从形式到性质，包括地质条件、水文和气候条件、工程范围和性质以及完成工程所必需的材料、到达工地的交通工具和所需的食宿等感到满意，总之，承包人必须被视为已得到所有必要的资料，除涉及上述情况外，还涉及风险、意外事件及其他一切可能影响其投标的情况。
12．the contractor shall be deemed to have satisfied himself before tendering as to the correctness and sufficiency of his tender for the works and of the rates and prices stated in the priced bill of quantities and the schedule of rates and prices，if any，which tender rates and prices shall，except insofar as it is otherwise provided in the contract，cover all his obligations under the contract and all matters and things necessary for the proper execution and maintenance of the works．if，however，during the execution of the works the contractor shall encounter physical conditions，other than climatic conditions on the site，or artificial obstructions，which conditions or obstructions could，in his opinion，not have been reasonably foreseen by an experienced contractor，the contractor shall forthwith give written notice thereof to the engineer's representative and if，in the opinion of the engineer，such conditions or artificial obstructions could not have been reasonably foreseen by an experienced contractor，then the engineer shall certify and the employer shall pay the additional cost to which the contractor shallhave been put by reason of such conditions，including the proper and reasonable cost．共59页，当前第8页1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950515253545556575859
12．承包人得被视为在投标前已对其工程标书，对标价的建筑工程清单、单价和价格表（如果有）上所列的单价和价格的正确性和完善性感到满意，此种投标价格必须贯穿其所有的合同义务，适用于所有为工程的正常施工和维护所必需的事物，除非本合同另有规定。然而，在施工期间，如承包人遇到除工地气候之外的其他自然情况或人为阻碍，依他所见，此种自然情况或人为阻碍是经验丰富的承包人也无法预见的，承包人必须立即书面通知工程师代表，如工程师确认此种情况或人为阻碍为经验丰富的承包人无法合理预见，工程师必须作证且业主支付承包人由于此种情况而承担的额外费用，包括因遇到此种情况或阻碍而：
（a）of complying with any instruction which the engineer may issue to the contractor in connection therewith，and
（1）为执行工程师可能向承包人发出的与此情况有关的任何指示而发生的正当合理的费用，以及
（b）of any proper and reasonable measures approved by the engineer which the contractor may take in the absence of specific instructions from the engineer．as a result of such conditions or obstructions being encountered．
（2）在无工程师具体指示时，承包人可能采取业经工程师认可的恰当和合理措施而发生的正当合理费用。
13．save insofar as it is legally or physically impossible，the contractor shall execute and maintain the works in strict accordance with the contract to the satisfaction of the engineer and shall comply with and adhere strictly to the engineer's instructions and directions on any matter whether mentioned in the contract or not，touching or concerning the works．the contractor shall take instructions and directions only from the engineer or，subject to the limitations referred to in clause 2 hereof，from the engineer's representative．
13．除因法律或自然因素而不能之外，承包人必须严格按合同规定施工和维护工程，使工程师感到满意，且必须遵守和严格执行工程师有关任何事项的指令和指示，不管合同中是否有规定，提及或涉及到工程，承包人只能从工程师处接受指令和指示，或根据本合同第2条规定，接受工程师代表的指令和指示。
14．（1）within the time stated in part 11 of these conditions，the contractor shall，after the acceptance of his tender，submit to the engineer for his approval a program showing the order of procedure in which he proposes to carry out the works．the contractor shall，whenever required by the engineer or engineers’representative，also provide in writing for his information a general description of the arrangements and methods which the contractor proposes to adopt for the execution of the works．共59页，当前第9页1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950515253545556575859
14．1中标后，承包人得在第二部分条款规定的时间内向工程师提交一份其计划施工的程序方案，以征得工程师的认可。承包人还得随时应工程师或其代表的要求，提供一份承包人的施工计划安排和方法的说明书，以供其参考。
（2）if at any time it should appear to the engineer that the actual progress of the works does not conform to the approved program referred to in sub-clause（1）of this clause，the contractorshall produce，at the request of the engineer，a revised program showing the modifications to the approved program necessary to ensure completion of the works within the time for completion asdefined in clause 48 hereof．
14．2不论何时，只要工程师发现工程实际进度与本条第1款规定的业经认可的方案不符，承包人必须应工程师的要求，提供一份修改方案，对原有的方案作必要的修正，以保证工程能在本合同第48条规定的期限内完工。
（3）the submission to and approval by the engineer or engineer's representative of such programs of the furnishing of such particulars shall not relieve the contractor of any of his duties or responsibilities under the contract．
14．3承包人不得因向工程师或工程师代表提交或经其认可此种方案或因提供此种细节，而被免除任何合同责任或义务。
15．the contractor shall give or provide all necessary super- intendance during the execution of the works and as long thereafter as the engineer may consider necessary for the proper fulfilling of the contractor's obligations under the contract．the contractor，or a competent and authorized agent or representative approved of in writing by the engineer，which approval may at any time be withdrawn，is to be constantly on the works and shall give his whole time to the super-intendance of the same．if such approval shall be withdrawn by the engineer，the contractor shall，as soon as is practicable，having regard to the requirement of replacing him as hereinafter mentioned，after receiving written noticeof suchwithdrawal，remove the agent from the works and shall not thereafter employ him again on the works in any capacity and shall replace him by another agent approved by the engineer．such authorized agent or representative shall receive，on behalf ofthe contractor，directions and instructions from the engineer or， subject to the limitations of clause 2 hereof，the engineer's representative．
15．在施工期间，以及其后在工程师认为是为正常履行合同义务而必需时，承包人必须行使一切监督权。承包人，或其经工程师书面认可的全权人或代表（此种认可可随时撤销）应当随时在工地，一直进行监督管理。如工程师撤销对人的认可，在接到书面撤销通知后，承包人必须尽快根据撤换规定，将其撤离工地，且今后不得再在工地上以任何身份雇佣他（她），且用另外一位经工程师认可的人予以替代。此种授权人或代表得代表承包人接受工程师的指令和指示，或按本合同第2条规定，接受工程师代表的指令和指示。共59页，当前第10页1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950515253545556575859
16．（1）the contractor shall provide and employ on the site in connection with the execution and maintenance of the works．
16．1承包人必须在工地上提供和雇用与施工和工程维护有关的：
（a） only such technical assistants as are skilled and experienced in their respective callings and such sub-agents，foremen and leading hands as are competent to give proper supervision to the work they are required to supervise，and
（1）对本专业熟悉和经验丰富的技术人员，能胜任规定监管工作的分人、工头和领班，以及
（b）such skilled，semi-skilled and unskilled labor as is necessary for the proper and timely execution and maintenance of the works．
（2）为正常和及时施工和维护工程所需的熟练、半熟练和非熟练工人。
（2）the engineer shall be at liberty to object to and require the contractor to remove forthwith from the works any person employed by the contractor in or about the execution ormaintenance of the works who，in the opinion of the engineer，misconducts himself，or is incompetent or negligent in the proper performance of his duties，or whose employment is otherwise considered by the engineer to be undesirable and such person shall not be again employed upon the works without the written permission of the engineer．any person so removed from the works shall be replaced as soon as possible by a competent substitute approved by the engineer．
中英文对照范文第6篇
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中英文对照范文第7篇
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中英文对照范文第8篇
关键词：高级国际经济学；双语教学；调查研究
双语教学是指在教学中同时运用母语和一种外语（主要是英语）进行非语言类专业课程教学的过程，这一过程既可以提高学生的专业知识水平，又可以提高学生的外语水平。在经济全球化的大背景下，我国对国际化、复合型人才的需求也变得日益紧迫，双语教学也成为高等学校教育改革的方向之一［1］。目前大部分高等学校是用英语作为课堂用语进行双语教学的。中英文双语教学具有两个特征：第一，在非语言类的专业课程中使用英语教学，可以使学生通过非语言类专业知识的学习达到专业知识与英语学习并重的目的；第二，用英语进行专业知识教学使师生的交流与互动更加频繁。从近年来的研究文献看，中英文双语教学产生的背景有3方面原因：①经济的全球化和世界经济一体化对中国高等教育的影响；②现代社会对高层次复合型专业人才需求的增强；③高等学校教育教学改革的需要［2］。现行的中英文双语教学的模式有：①逐步渗透型，即在教学过程中逐步增加英语在专业课授课中的使用比例；②穿插型，即在教学过程中，中英文两种语言有所侧重地交行，难度大的部分较少使用英语，难度小的部分较多使用英语；③开设选修课型，即在教学过程中，开设相关中英文双语课程，由学生根据自身英语水平及接受能力进行选择，教师因材施教［3］。
一、“高级国际经济学”课程开展双语教学情况的调查与分析
（一）调查方法与调查对象
“高级国际经济学”课程是北京林业大学国际经济与贸易专业硕士研究生在第一学期开设的专业必修课，共有32学时。教学目的是通过课程学习，使学生在掌握高级国际经济学基本理论的基础上，能够运用所学知识分析国际贸易与国际金融现象及其运行过程的机制和机理。“高级国际经济学”课程实施中英文双语教学是国际经济与贸易专业硕士生教育教学模式改革与创新的重要内容，同时也是国内研究生教育与国际先进教学模式接轨的良好平台。2011年，北京林业大学在国际经济与贸易专业硕士研究生的“高级国际经济学”课程教学中实施了中英文双语教学的改革。在课程结束后，笔者对参与双语教学改革的硕士生进行了问卷调查。共发放问卷20份，回收20份，均为有效问卷。在回收问卷的同时，对硕士生进行了相关的访谈。
（二）调查结果分析
调查结果显示，“高级国际经济学”课程双语教学模式得到了大部分学生的肯定，教学效果良好，促进了该专业在教育教学过程中能充分吸纳和借鉴国外先进的理念与方法，为培养具备国际竞争和国际合作与沟通能力的学生提供了必要的条件。1．开展双语教学具有必要性在硕士生专业必修课教学中开展双语教学有无必要性是一个值得探讨的问题。在中国日益融入经济全球化的历史进程中，中国的发展急需复合型人才。调查结果显示，95％的学生认为有必要开设双语教学课程，5％的学生认为没有必要开设双语教学课程，这说明绝大多数学生对双语教学持肯定态度。对于那些认为没有必要开设双语课程的学生，通过访谈得知学生对双语教学不认同的主要原因是他们认为英语的过多使用会影响对专业知识的理解。2．学生的英语水平有差异学生的英语水平是进行双语教学的重要基础。学生在双语教学过程中的接受能力如何直接影响到教学效果的好坏，而这种接受能力很大程度上是取决于学生的外语水平。“高级国际经济学”课程对学生的英语水平要求较高，因为课程涉及到大量的国际经济与贸易的专业术语。问卷从两个方面调查了学生的英语水平。通过对学生的英语四级通过率的调查发现，96％的学生都通过了英语四级，绝大部分学生的英语水平还是不错的。但是高的英语四级通过率并不能充分体现学生的真实英语水平，毕竟公共外语与专业外语的学习内容和方式是有差异的。因此，问卷也对学生的英语听力进行了调查，结果显示，72％的学生选择较好，25％的学生选择一般，其余3％的学生选择较差。可见学生的英语水平还是存在很大差异的，如何使各个层次的学生都能够从双语课程的教学中得到提高，是摆在教师面前的一个重要问题。3．教材选择适中问卷调查了学生对使用教材的看法，结果显示有82％的学生认为可以选择全英文教材，有18％的学生认为可以选择中英文对照教材。可见大多数学生都倾向于使用全英文教材，与之相对应，只有少数学生认为中英文对照教材对他们来说是更适合的。笔者在“高级国际经济学”课程教学中，选用了由美国经济学家克鲁格曼撰写的英文原版《国际经济学》，该教材在国外属于本科层次的教材，对于硕士研究生来说，内容上有些浅显，但是这正好有助于弥补语言导致的理解方面的困难。对于深度的内容，笔者则辅之以课堂上的板书和论证。4．多媒体课件运用恰当运用多媒体教学一方面可以节省大量的课堂板书的时间，提高每一节课的教学密度，丰富课程的教学内容；另一方面通过生动的多媒体课件对课程中的重点、难点内容进行提示和分析，有助于学生理解和掌握每一节课的教学内容。在各高校普遍采用多媒体教学手段的前提下，电子课件成为教学过程中最重要的环节，影响着教学效果。调查结果显示，在课件语言的选择上，选择纯英文或是纯中文的学生为49％，其余51％的学生选择了中英文混合的语言。可见多半学生不希望全部使用英文课件，与之相对应，中英文混合课件对他们来说更为适合。5．学生选择大部分英文与小部分中文结合的授课方式在调查中，还涉及到了授课语言方面。对于授课语言，35％的学生选择了全英文授课，51％的学生选择了大部分英文、部分中文授课，14％的学生选择部分英文，大部分中文授课。可见多数学生并不希望教师在教学当中完全使用英文，与之相对应，大部分英文、部分中文的授课方式对他们来说更适合。
二、“高级国际经济学”课程双语教学的实践
（一）选择合适的双语教材
教材是制约双语教学改革的一个重要因素。当前各高校使用的教材大致有3类，全中文教材，全英文教材以及中英文对照教材。双语教学需要选用合适的教材，才能达到最优的教学效果。通过调查得知，在学生英语基础较好的情况下，选用全英文教材是比较合适的。虽然这类教材往往不是根据中国学生特点编写的，而且当中有很多专业术语和长而复杂的句型，但是这些都不会过多影响到他们对专业知识的理解。这类教材一方面能够强化学生的英语水平，另一方面，可以扩展学生的学术视野。当前“高级国际经济学”课程的英文原版教材种类很多，可供学生和老师选择的余地过大，因此有必要对这些教材进行认真地研究和选取。首先，选取的英文原版教材要与学生本科学习的国际经济学理论体系能进行很好地衔接，有助于学生对专业知识的学习和理解。其次，选取的英文原版教材能够吸收国际经济学研究方面理论和实践的最新成果，有助于硕士生扩展他们的知识面，提升他们的理论和实践水平。
（二）采取灵活的授课方式
通过调查发现，双语教学中英语和中文的合理使用是个难点。对于“高级国际经济学”课程来说，不同章节的知识难度不同，同时学生的英语水平也存在着差异。因此在两种语言的选择和分配上，必须要灵活掌握，不断进行调整。对于学生容易掌握的，难度低的章节，采用的英文比例可以多一些。而对于学生感觉困难的，难度高的章节，则可以适当地多用一些中文帮助学生理解。
（三）将专业知识的学习放在首位
通过调查可知，有部分学生的英语听力相对较弱，难以接受全部使用英语授课的教学方式，这是教师在进行双语课程教学时必须要考虑的一个重要因素。事实上，专业知识的学习才是双语教学的本质，英语作为一种语言，只是学习掌握先进专业知识的工具和手段。在学生对英文的理解和接受程度还没有达到非常高的情况下，教师使用的英语并非越多越好。因为这会影响学生对于专业知识的学习，而作为非英语专业的学生来说，专业知识的学习更为重要。
（四）加强对授课教师的培训
师资力量是影响双语教学效果的重要因素。在实践中，承担双语教学任务的老师大多是英语能力较强的专业教师，但是这些专业教师并非英语专业出身，同时他们又承担有大量的科研任务，因此其英语水平总会有不尽人意的地方。而双语教学又是英语和专业知识的结合，对教师英语水平及专业知识的要求都很高，因此要加强对师资队伍的培训。北京林业大学为授课教师制定了各种出国进修计划；对于没有时间出国深造的教师，学校会提供更为可行的国内培训的机会，让专业教师辅修英语，既提高了教师的英语水平，经济成本也相对较低。
三、“高级国际经济学”课程实施双语教学的难点与突破
在教学实践中，笔者发现灵活的授课模式的建立是“高级国际经济学”课程双语教学的难点。由于“高级国际经济学”课程的教学内容涉及国际贸易和国际金融两大部分，每个部分知识的难度不同，如何在不影响学生对专业知识学习的同时提高他们的英语水平就成为一大挑战。另一个难点是学生的英语水平存在着差异，因此教师应尽量保证英语水平较低的学生能够较好掌握相关的专业知识。对于以上教学难点，在实践过程中，笔者也找到了突破的路径，即在两种语言的使用和分配过程中，必须要体现出高度的灵活性，并在教学过程中不断进行调整。对于比较容易掌握的内容，难度较低的章节，采用英文的比例大一些；而对于较难的内容，则适当地多用中文授课。同时，老师与学生保持顺畅的交流和沟通，时刻了解学生对所教授内容的理解程度和感受，并根据这些反馈意见随时对教学方式进行调整。
四、“高级国际经济学”课程实施双语教学的成效
首先，中英文双语教学提高了学生对于专业课学习的水平与能力，学生能够阅读最新的专业教材和研究论文，并对英文专业术语和词汇有了深入的了解，使国际经济与贸易专业的研究生教育与国际先进的教学模式得以接轨。其次，中英文双语教学提高了学生在研究生阶段英语学习的水平与能力，尤其是与国际经济与贸易相关的专业英语水平得到大力提升，学生对专业术语表达技巧的掌握变得更好，提高了国际化、复合型人才培养的质量。资助项目：北京林业大学全日制专业学位研究生教育建设二期项目———“国际商务硕士”课程建设，项目编号zyxw201304；北京林业大学“211工程”建设三期项目“研究生创新人才培养建设计划———‘高级国际经济学’课程中英文双语教学的研究与实践”。
参考文献
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