任务型阅读解题策略浅析

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任务型阅读以信息图表题为主，这种题有两部分组：阅读材料和图表。它要求学生根据所给材料，完成图表中空缺的部分，学生既要读懂全文，又要具有对文中重要信息进行筛选、整合和综合概括。任务型阅读图表主要呈三种形式：Tree-shaped，Net-shaped，Spider-shaped。填写的单词来源及字数都有严格的要求，所选文章题材多样，富有时代气息，语言原汁原味。如何有效地提高学生的任务型阅读正确率，笔者认为可以从以下几个方面入手。

一、寻找

考查寻找文章细节的能力。学生应对试题内容有个整体的把握，任务型阅读的题目往往通过对课文结构的重新梳理和整合来考查学生对课文内容的理解和课文结构的把握。学生首先要了解表格各部分的内容，然后再根据文中对应的段落在所给材料中直接寻找正确的单词。例如：

1.People who are nearsighted can only see things that are very close to their eyes.Many people who do a lot of close work，such as writing and reading，become nearsighted.Then they have to wear glasses in order to see distant things clearly.

Nearsighted people are unable to see distant objects without glasses.

2.Few will argue that educating women has great social benefits.But it has enormous economic advantages as well.Most obviously，there is the direct effect of education on the wages of female workers.

Educating girl leads to social benefits，economic advantages and does good to health practices，including family planning.

二、转换

考查寻找文章细节内容并进行转化的能力。首先根据图表要求找到对应段落信息，要求学生对单词的词性、同义词、反义词、词组及句子的结构这几个方面进行转化。学生不仅要对最基本的词汇熟记在心，而且能在理解文章内容的基础上运用恰当的短语或转换句型来表达同样的意思。例如：

1.Is it possible for the police to find the lost boy?

Is there any possibility that the police will find the lost boy?

2.To achieve success，you need to have a clear aim and strong determination.

If you are to succeed ，you should be determined.

3.She showed us the way into the garden.

She led us into the garden.

4.He was not for the plan.

He was against the plan.

5.As he was only 165 cm tall，other children often make fun of his height.

He was often laughed at for his height.

6.With some bad information available，it is quite possible that children will break the laws，because they want to copy what they see.

Children are likely to break the laws，...

三、概括

要求学生能概括表格中的某一栏的一个或几个句子在材料中表达的意思及充当的功能。通常要求学生能概括主题、结论、原因、结果、目的、方法、优点、缺点等。常用的概括性的词如下：

1.Today millions of Americans observe Mother’s Day in different ways.They buy more than 150，000，000 Mother’s Day greeting cards.Most of the cards show pictures of flowers，hearts or other things that people feel are linked to being a mother.

Many people give flowers for Mother’s Day.It is one of the busiest days of the year for the flower industry.

Mother’s Day is a time for young children to do special things for their mothers.Some would make a special gift or draw a special picture.

Some families will get together for a meal at a local eating place.This means that mothers do not have to cook on their special day.

2.The effect of quality after-school programs on academic performance is clear.Studies show that students who take part in such programs show better work habits，higher rates of homework completion，improved grades and higher scores on achievement tests.They also have more pressure and are less likely to blame.After-school programs also influence high-risk teen behavior.Various studies show decreased rates of crime and drug use.Finally，after-school programs play an important role in supporting the following fields of development：physical development，mental development and social development.Thus，one can safely say that after-school programming is an effective method to help young people become contributing members of society.

...In short，although after-school programs have promising future，how they are designed and run matters.

Title：Quality After-school 1 Programming/Programs

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