名词性从句和状语从句难点剖析
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1.what引导名词性从句时意义难理解
what引导名词性从句时常表示“……的内容”，但是它还可以表示“……的状况/人/地方/价格/速度/方法”，此时理解难度明显增大。考生应认真分析语境逻辑，弄清空档是否具有what的创新含义。
例1：The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make ____ it is.
A. what B. which C. how D. where
解析：A。该空表示“……的状况”，应用what引导宾语从句。
例2：The shopkeeper did not want to sell for ____ he thought was not enough.
A. where B. how C. what D. which
解析：C。由sell for的语境逻辑可以推出该空表示“……的价格”，因此应用what引导宾语从句。例3：The way he did it was different ____ we were used to.
A. in which B. in what C. from what D. from which
解析：C。be different应与from才能构成搭配，因此该空作from的宾语，由The way的语境逻辑可以推出该空表示“不同于……的方法”，因此应填 from what引导宾语从句。
例4：A modern city has been set up in ____ was a wasteland ten years ago.
A. what B. which C. that D. where
解析：A。由a wasteland的语境逻辑可以推出该空表示“……的地方”，因此应填what引导宾语从句。
例5：The other day， my brother drove his car down the street at ____ I thought was a dangerous speed.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
解析：C。由a dangerous speed的语境逻辑可以推出该空表示“……的速度”，因此应填what引导宾语从句。
2.that引导的同位语从句难识别
that引导同位语从句与that引导的定语从句容易混淆。that引导同位语从句时与先行词之间为同位关系，它是先行词具体内容的体现，但that本身并没有具体含义，也不在从句中充当任何成份。that引导定语从句时是对先行词的修饰限制，它在定语从句中常作主语或宾语。
例1：Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class ____ he had to meet his uncle at the airport.
A. why B. that C. where D. because
解析：B。he had to meet his uncle at the airport是先行词his reason for being absent from the class内容的具体体现，因此该空应用that引导同位语从句。
例2：A warm thought suddenly came to me ____ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday.
A. if B. when C. that D. which
解析：C。I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday是先行词A warm thought具体内容的体现，因此该空应用that引导同位语从句。
例3：The news ____ our team won the game excited us all.
A. which B. that C. what D. when
解析：B。our team won the game excited us all是先行词the news的具体内容，因此该空应用that引导同位语从句。
3.whether与if难区分
whether与if均可以引导名词性从句，引导宾语从句时可以通用，但不存在if…or not…结构或if or not…结构。引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和介词后面的宾语从句时应用whether而不可用if。
例：We haven’t settled the question of ____ it is necessary for him to study abroad.
A. if B. where C. whether D. that
解析：C。该空表示“是否”，且作介词宾语，因此应用whether引导宾语从句。
1.before引导的时间状语从句难识别
before引导时间状语从句意义比较灵活，除表示“在……之前”外还可表示“趁……、尚未来得及”，也可用于it was not long before（不久）句型及其创新句型。
例：The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months； it will be a long time ____ we meet them again.
A. after B. before C. since D. when
解析：B。题干来自于it was not long before句型，但因将一般过去时变成了一般将来时，又将long换成了a long time，极难识别。
2.while引导的让步状语从句难识别
除表示“当……的时候”引导时间状语从句外，while还可以表示“虽然”引导让步状语从句，这是它的一种创新用法。
例：____ modeling business is by no means easy to get into， the good model will always be in demand.
A. While B. Since C. As D. If
解析：A。该空表示“虽然”，因此应填While引导让步状语从句。