日记写法指导
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写法指导
日记是中考各省市常考的题型。它常用来记叙自己一天生活中所看到、遇到、想到和做过的事情，特别是那些具有教育意义或值得回忆、查阅或参考的事情，也可以用来抒发自己当天对某些事件的感受，以及对将来的打算等。因此，要记的内容丰富多彩，这正是日记题材广泛、选材容易的原因。体裁以记叙文或简单的议论文为主。
写日记时要注意以下几点：
1．注意英语日记的格式
英文日记和中文日记的写法大致相同。一般是第一行写上日期、星期、天气状况。 日期通常顶格写，后面是星期(也可以星期顶格写，后面写日期)，天气状况写在右上角。表示天气情况的词一般用形容词，如：fine，cold，rainy，windy，cloudy，sunny，snowy，foggy等。
日记可以有标题，但通常省略。 日记的正文是日记的主要部分，写在星期和日期的正下方，可以顶格写，也可以内缩3--5个字母。
以下是日记各部分的书写格式示意图：
2．注意英语日记的人称
由于日记的内容多是记叙自己亲身经历、耳闻目睹或抒发自己的感想，所以多用第一人称I或we（有时也可把I或we省略）。
3．注意英语日记的时态
写日记的时间一般是在下午或晚上，有时也有在第二天补记的。所记叙的事情通常发生在过去，所以常用一般过去时态。但如果要记叙天气、描写景色、展望未来、议论某事或对话引语等，可以使用一般现在时或一般将来时，以生动再现当时的情景。
4．注意英语日记的内容
日记是每天生活的记载。生活的内容很广泛，但写作时应有所选择，最好是记下当天最有意义、感受最深的事情，不可详略不分地记流水账。 日记的写法灵活、形式多样，可以叙事，可以明理，也可夹叙夹议。所使用的句子最好用自己学过且很熟悉的句型。语言要清楚、自然，内容要连贯、完整。
5．类型
日记类型可分为记事型、议论型、描写型以及抒情型。记事型日记，就是学生用所学英语词汇记述当天自己生活中所发生的事情。议论型，就是对生活中的某一事情或情况、现象发表自己的看法。描写型就是对某人、某物的特征进行细致的描述，或对某事物抒发自己的感情。
写英语日记，能使听、说、读、写、译等基本技能得到全面发展，希望同学们能持之以恒地写日记，从而提高自己的英语水平。
例：请以下述内容为题，写一篇日记。3月15日，星期一。词数：60―80词。提示：
①今晚，你去参加李江的生日宴会，大家又唱又跳，玩得很开心。
②离开李江家时，天开始下雨，由于已很晚了，你步行回家。
③一辆摩托车急驰而过，在十字路口撞倒了一个男孩。
④摩托车没停，逃跑了。
⑤你十分气愤，记下了车号（FD――2819）并马上打电话报警，然后把孩子送往医院。
参考范文
March 15th, MondayRainy
This evening I went to Li Jiang' s birthday party. We sang and danced. We had a good time at the party.
When I left Li Jiang's house, it began to rain. It was late. I had to walk home.
A motorbike ran by me very fast. It hit a boy at the crossing. But the motorbike didn't stop. It ran away.
I felt very angry. I wrote down its number:FD--2819. I telephoned the police at once. Then I sent the boy to the hospital.
佳作展示一
A Page from My Diary
June 21st, 2004 Saturday Fine
There is a waterfall 20 kilometres far ① away from our town. Some of my classmates and I went to visit the waterfall.
First we took a bus, then we had to take a boat to cross the river. Finally we began climb② the mountain. On the way we saw some interesting plants and some wild animals. It took us about two hours to climb the mountain before we got to the waterfall.
When we saw the waterfall, we all felt very excited. We happily③ jumped and shouted. It was very big and high and made a loud noise. The water below was very clean and we could see fish swimming in it. We used our cameras to take a lot of photos.
After lunch, we picked some wild fruits. Then we had to get back.
We were all very tired but we felt very happy.
译 文
日记一则
2004年6月21日 星期六 晴
离我们镇20公里远处有一个瀑布。我和几个同学去参观了那个瀑布。
首先，我们乘公共汽车，然后我们不得不乘船过了河，最后我们开始爬山。在路上我们看到一些有趣的植物和野生动物。爬山花费了我们大约两个小时，之后我们到达了瀑布的地方。
当我们看见瀑布时，我们都感到非常兴奋。我们高兴得又跳又喊。瀑布很大很高，发出了很大的响声，下面的水很清，我们可以看见里边的鱼在游。我们用相机拍了很多照片。
午饭后，我们摘了一些野果，然后就回来了。
虽然我们很累，但是我们感到很高兴。
名师点评
小作者以日记的形式叙述了一次与同学一起参观瀑布的经过。日记格式正确，内容充实，层次分明，语言流畅，事情叙述完整且详略得当。
文中也有几处错误，如：①句中有表示距离的数字时，要用away而不能再加far。②处应改为现在分词climbing或to climb。动词begin后要加to do或doing。③happily应放在句尾。
佳作展示二
A Clever Boy
December 1st, Saturday Sunny
This morning, when I was walking in the street, I heard a boy cleaning shoes said to a young man passing ①," Let me clean your shoes. It will spend② you nothing but a penny. "But the young man refused him. Then the boy told him that he would clean for nothing. The yonng man agreed and soon one shoe③ shining brightly. But the boy refused to clean the other shoe unless he was paid two pence for his work. The young man refused to pay anything. And he went away. But the wellcleaned④ shoe made the dirty one looked⑤ so bad that he could not walk on. He had to turn back and give the boy two pence. In⑥ a short while, his shoes both shone brightly.
译 文
一个聪明的男孩
12月1日 星期六 晴
今天上午，我正在街上走时，我听见正在擦鞋的一个男孩，对一个过路的年轻人说：“你的鞋需要擦一擦，只花费你一个便士。”年轻人拒绝了他。然后，这个男孩告诉他，擦鞋不要钱，年轻人同意了。很快他把一只鞋擦得锃亮，另一只鞋却没有擦，除非年轻人付给他两个便士。年轻人拒绝付钱。他走了，那一只锃亮的鞋使得那一只脏的很不漂亮，他不得不返回来，给这个男孩两个便士。过了一会儿，两只鞋都擦得锃亮。
名师点评
小作者善于捕捉生活中的趣事，然后以日记的形式留下记忆，这是一种很好的习惯，极其有助于英语水平的提高。文中虽有几处语言错误，但从整体上看，文章的主题明确，行文流畅，言之有物，而且文笔不错，确为一篇好的习作。现把文中错处，指正如下：
①动词pass表示“经过”时，作及物动词，后接地点，如果没有地点则作不及物动词，要与by搭配。②英语中表示“花费”时，spend主语是人，常用“sb.spend(s)……on shth．或sb.spend(s)……(in)doing sth.”;take用于“It take (s)sb.some time to do sth.”结构中；cost的主语常是物，即cost sb.sth．③此处and连接两个简单句，动作shine与agree对应，均是谓语，故用“was shining”。④此处应用“well-cleaned”是形容词作前置定语，修饰shoe。⑤该句结构是使役动词make句式，即"makessb．/sth．＋动词原形”(…made the dirty one look…)，类似的有“一感”“feel”，“二听”“hear，listen to”，“三让”“let， make,have”，“四看”“see，watch，notice”和“look at”。⑥此处“a short while”表示一段时间，in与时间段搭配常用于一般将来时，after接时间段用于一般过去时。
佳作展示三
A Page From a Student's Diary
March 12th, 2004 Wednesday Fine
Today is March 12th. It is planting tree day①. There were no classes this morning. The all② teachers and students went to plant trees along the road in front of our school.
We went there by bike. As soon as we got there, we began working. First, Mr Xu, our head teacher asked us to dig holes. The holes must be enough large③ for the trees. After a short time, a truck came. There were many young trees on it. Some students put the young trees in the holes. Other students watered the young trees. What④ hard we worked!
"Trees are our friends. They will make our hometown more beautifully" ⑤, I thought. Although I was very tired, I felt quite happy.
译 文
学校日记一页
2004年3月12日 星期三 晴
今天是3月12日，植树节。今天上午没上课。全体师生都在沿着学校前面的公路上植树。
我们骑着自行车到了那里。我们一到那里就开始劳动。首先，我们班主任――许老师叫我们挖坑，坑要挖得能放下树苗。不久，一辆卡车来了，在卡车上有许多小树。一些学生把小树放进坑里，其余学生给小树浇了水。我们干得多起劲呀！
“树是我们的朋友，树将使我们的家乡更漂亮。”我想。尽管我很累，却感到很高兴。
名师点评
这篇英文日记格式正确，真实地记录了自己植树的经过。全文既有轰轰烈烈的劳动场面描写，也有个人的心理感受。难能可贵的是，小作者学以致用，运用了自己学过的多种句型，使得文章生动、流畅。文中也存在几处语法错误，如：①植树节是专用名词，应为“Tree Planting Day”。②将“The all”改为“All the”。all修饰名词时，如果名词前有定冠词，all应置于定冠词之前。③将“enough large”改为“large enough”。enough修饰形容词或副词时要放在这些词的后面。④将What改为How。若感叹句的中心词是形容词，句首应用 how。⑤将beautifully改为beautiful。此处应用形容词作宾语补足语。
佳作展示三
A Page from My Dlary
July 7 Thursday Cloudy
After I got up, I began to clean and ①tidy my room, for my aunt and uncle were coming with their little son. My cousin is six years old. He is lovely, but quite naughty.
I was having breakfast when there was a loud knock at the door. "That must be them. "I thought. I opened the door and saw my aunt and uncle standing there, smiling. But I didn't see my little cousin. Suddenly, he jumped out from ②the corner . "Stay there ! Don' t move, or I' ll kill you ! "he shouted with a toy gun in his hands. "I won't kill you if you give me a bottle of orange juice," he continued. "OK, ③I will come in,please. "And they came in. "What would you like to drink,tea or coffeeT"I asked. "Tea,please. But give your cousin a bottle of orange juice," my aunt said.
A moment later, my mother,who had gone out early in the morning, came back. She began to talk with my aunt and uncle, but my little cousin wanted to fly a kite. "It' s very hot outside,"I said to him. "It' s not a good time to fly a kite. "But he wouldn' t listen to me and start crying. Suddenly a good idea came into my mind. "Let' s play basketball. That'll be very interesting,"I said. He agreed and ④we played different games.
When they left, I felt very tired. I lay in bed and wanted to have a good rest.
译 文
日记一则
7月7日 星期四 多云
早上起床后，我就开始打扫卫生，整理房间。姑姑、姑夫马上就要来了。小表弟才6岁，很可爱，就是有点顽皮。
正吃早饭时，我听到了敲门声，“一定是他们，”我想。我开了门，看见姑姑和姑夫微笑着站在那里，但是看不到我的小表弟。正在纳闷时，突然，他从墙的拐角处跳了出来。“站住，不许动，要不，我就要开枪了！”他手里拿着玩具枪喊着。“如果你给我一瓶橘子汁，我就不杀你。”他还在嚷。“好吧，请进来吧。”他们进来了。“你们喝点啥饮料，茶，还是咖啡?”我问。“茶吧，给你表弟一瓶橘子汁吧。”姑姑说。
一会儿，一大早就出去的妈妈回来了。她和他们开始谈话了，但小表弟要去放风筝。“外边天很热，放风筝要等到明年春天。”我给他说。但是他不听我的，开始哭起来了。突然，我想了个办法。“咱们玩篮球，那多有意思啊。”我说。他同意了。我们用篮球做了各种不同的游戏。
当他们走的时候，我觉得很累了。躺在床上，心里想的是要好好休息一下。
名师点评
这篇日记写得生动、有趣，词语和时态用得顺当而且自然，符合写日记的惯例。
文章中使用了不少动词不定式、现在分词、动名词，用得规范而自然，表达了句意。同时根据行文需要也用了一些复合句，而且用得恰到好处。值得一提的是，when的两种用法在文章中体现得很明显（即：并列连词和主从连词）。另外，在文章中还用了非限制性定语从句，贴切而达意。
现在谈谈标数码的几个句子。
①“……itdy my room”，tidy作动词用，其后要跟up，所以应改为“…tidy up my room”。②“from the corner”，corner在这里指什么？不清楚。根据本文意思，应该是房子外边。所以可说“from the corner of the house”。③“……，I will come in，please．”根据上下文意思，句中“I will…”应去掉。④“…We played different games”．这样说不够清楚。上下文没有照应。所以应改为“…We played different games with a basketball。”