与针对女性的文化歧视作战

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In Africa， women don’t own land. Men have land. If a woman has any property， after marriage， her property is retaining the man’s name. So you’ll find lots of women don’t get a chance to take part in decision making. Even though they are working as the policy implementers， they don’t reflect the country’s economy. This is because cultural discrimination. There are a lot of young women who are facing the problem. Even they want to take part in political leadership， they don’t have sources.

And therefore， the YMCA Africa has the philosophy called “from subject to citizen”， teaching young people to be responsible， to be citizens， not subjects. In this philosophy， we have to believe the young women， and to educate young people. Because the culture is discriminating women， so we teach the young men to take care of the women. Also we teach young women to be responsible， because sometimes they are their own enemies.

If you go to enterprises， you’ll find that the job women are doing are kind of nurturing. Because the culture believes that women’s position is to nurture， such as take care of the family. So you’ll find women get jobs nothing more than secretary， not decision making. Also many women consider themselves as this kind of character. And it’s a big problem.

Today， we have many women representatives coming in， but you see the constitution in Kenya_we have county structures and 47 governors and there is no woman. And if you look at the county structure， there are a lot of issues we shall tackle. There is a legal framework and a cultural framework， which are really separated. How can a young woman take part in this？ The legal framework has put it clear， but the cultural framework still has issues. We need to bring harmonious relationship between civil society and government. Many civil societies are fighting for the young women. We need that harmonious relationship to bring the women into decision making table.

在非洲，女人没有土地所有权。只有男人有。如果一个女人有财产，结婚之后，她的财产将被纳入丈夫名下。于是许多女人根本没有参与决策机制的机会。即使她们作为政策的实践者在工作，但她们无法反映这个国家的经济情况。这主要是由文化歧视引起的。有许多年轻女性面临这样的问题。即使她们想参与到政治领导当中来，她们也无缘参与。

因此非洲基督教青年会有一个理念，即“从臣民到市民”，教育年轻人要有责任感，做一个公民，而不是臣民。在这个理念之下，我们要相信年轻女性的力量，并且教育年轻人。因为我们的文化在歧视女性，因此我们要教会年轻男性去关心女性。另一方面我们也教育年轻女性树立责任感，因为有时候她们自己会成为自己的敌人。

如果你去大企业看看，就会发现女性从事的职业大多是扶助他人的。这是因为传统文化认为女性的天职就是如此，例如照看家庭。因此你会看到女性获得的工作大多是秘书之类，而不是决策职位。而且许多女性自己也认同这样的角色分配。这是个很大的问题。

现在，我们有越来越多的女性代表，但当你审视肯尼亚的政府构成，你会看到在我们的县级结构中有47位县长，却没有一个是女人。当我们审视这个县级结构时，就发现有许多问题需要解决。我们有一个法律框架和一个文化框架，但实际上却是割裂的。一个年轻女性怎样参与议政呢？法律框架说清楚了，但文化框架却还存在问题。我们需要做的是在公民社会和政府之间建立和谐的关系。现在许多民间团体在为争取年轻女性的权利而努力。我们需要这种和谐的关系来帮助女性坐到决策议政的桌边。