语法专项练习
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一、定语从句
定语从句是高中英语重要的也是考生不易掌握的语法项目之一。分析2013年的高考试题不难发现：高考对定语从句的考查相对集中在关系代词或关系副词的用法区别、介词+关系代词、非限制性定语从句、as的用法等知识。其中，关系代词和关系副词的出现频率最高。
关系词的选择是高考考查的重点。做好定语从句有关试题，必须牢记三要点：
1. 首先分析从句是否为定语从句，而这在很大程度上取决于对整句的逻辑含义的分析。
2. 分析定语从句的成分，看从句是否缺主语、宾语、表语或状语等，因为引导（关系）词在定语从句中是必须充当一定成分的（或主语、或宾语、或表语等）。
3. 观察先行词的特点：（1）指人或物；（2）既指人又指物；（3）是否被特定的词所修饰、限定，句子结构是否特殊等。
【真题再现】
1. 关系代词和关系副词区别的考查
（1） Many countries are now setting up national parks animals and plants can be protected. （2013北京卷）
A. whenB. which
C. whoseD. where
【解析】 答案选D。本题考查定语从句。定语从句中不缺少主干成分，故使用关系副词；先行词parks指地点，故选where。
（2） The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built. （2013浙江卷）
A. whatB. where
C. whenD. why
【解析】 答案选B。考查定语从句。定语从句中不缺少主干成分，且先行词platform指地点，故用where。
（3） He wrote a letter he explains what had happened in the accident. （2013江西卷）
A. whatB. which
C. whereD. how
【解析】 答案选C。考查定语从句。先判断从句类型为定语从句，定语从句中谓语explain后接what引导的宾语从句作宾语，因此不缺少主干成分，排除B项，答案为C。
（4） Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment they live. （2013四川卷）
A. whatB. which
C. whenD. where
【解析】 答案选D。考查定语从句。此处先判断从句类型为定语从句，先行词为the environment，定语从句中live为不及物动词，因此不缺少主干成分，应填关系副词；且先行词environment指地点，故用where，相当于in which。
（5） When I arrived， Bryan took me to see the house I would be staying. （2013新课标II卷）
A. whatB. when
C. whereD. which
【解析】 答案选C。考查定语从句。定语从句中stay为不及物动词，故不缺主干成分，用关系副词；先行词为house，指地点，故用关系副词where。
（6） Finally he reached a lonely island was completely cut off from the outside world. （2013山东卷）
A. whenB. where
C. whichD. whom
【解析】 答案选C。考查定语从句。先行词island为地点， 故排除A和D；从句中缺少主语，因此需要关系代词。句意为：最后他到达一个完全与世隔绝的孤岛。
2. 介词+关系代词的考查
（7） John invited about 40 people to his wedding， most of are family members. （2013重庆卷）
A. themB. that
C. whichD. whom
【解析】 答案选D。根据句子的逻辑关系本题考查定语从句。先行词为40 people，故排除which；介词之后不能用that，应予以排除； them为人称代词，应用于并列句中。
（8） He may win the competition， he is likely to get into the national team. （2013辽宁卷）
A. in which caseB. in that case
C. in what caseD. in whose case
【解析】 答案选A。根据句子的逻辑关系本题考查定语从句。两分句间无连词，故排除B项（不能用作连词，in this / that case用于并列句中）。此处which指代前面主句，in which case引导定语从句用于替代并列句中的in this / that case。句意为：他可能赢得这场比赛，如果这样的话，他就可能进入国家队。
（9） The children， had played the whole day long， were worn out. （2013浙江卷）
A. all of whatB. all of which
C. all of themD. all of whom
【解析】 答案选D。根据句子的逻辑关系本题考查定语从句所以排除A。先行词为children，故排除B；all of them只可用于独立句子中，故可排除。
3. as的考查
（10） There is no simple answer， is often the case in science. （2013山东卷）
A. asB. that
C. whenD. where
【解析】 答案选A。考查定语从句。此处as引导定语从句指代整个主句内容，含有“正如，就像”之意，定语从句部分译为“在科学上这是常有的事”。
（11） is often the case with children， Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived. （2013陕西卷）
A. ItB. That
C. WhatD. As
【解析】 答案选D。考查定语从句。此处as引导的定语从句可以位于主句之前，指代整个主句内容。意为：正如孩子们常有的情况一样，医生到的时候Amy就好了。
（12） “You cant judge a book by its cover，” . （2013新课标I卷）
A. as the saying goes old
B. goes as the old saying
C. as the old saying goes
D. goes as old the saying
【解析】 答案选C。根据句子的逻辑关系本题考查定语从句。考查as引导的定语从句，意为：正如古语所说。
4. 非限制性定语从句的考查
（13） We have launched another manmade satellite， is announced in todays newspaper. （2013天津卷）
A. thatB. which
C. whoD. what
【解析】 答案选B。考查非限制性定语从句。that不能引导非限制性定语从句故排除；who只能指代人；此处关系代词which指代整个主句引导的非限制性定语从句。
（14） Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012， made one of the Chinese peoples longheld dreams come true. （2013安徽卷）
A. itB. that
C. whatD. which
【解析】 答案选D。根据句子的逻辑关系本题考查定语从句。此处which指代前面整个主句内容，引导非限制性定语从句。
5. 其他知识的考查
（15） The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those lives were affected. （2013福建卷）
A. whoseB. that
C. whoD. which
【解析】 答案选A。考查定语从句。其中those作为先行词，定语从句中缺少lives的定语，故用whose。
（16） Happiness and success often come to those are good at recognizing their own strengths. （2013湖南卷）
A. whomB. who
C. whatD. which
【解析】 答案选B。考查定语从句。先行词为those，指人；定语从句中缺少主语，故使用关系代词who。
（17） The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China， he remembers starting as early as his childhood. （2013江苏卷）
A. whereB. which
C. whatD. when
【解析】 答案选B。考查定语从句。先行词为passion，定语从句中缺少宾语，故用关系代词which。
巩固操练一
1. That evening， I will tell you more about later， I ended up working very late.
A. thatB. which
C. whatD. when
2. Sales director is a position communication ability is just as important as sales skills.
A. whichB. that
C. whenD. where
3. When deeply absorbed in work， he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.
A. thatB. which
C. whereD. when
4. The air quality in the city， is shown in the report， has improved over the past two months.
A. thatB. it
C. asD. what
5. It is the third time that she has won the race， has surprised us all.
A. thatB. where
C. whichD. what
6. Maria has written two novels， both of have been made into television series.
A. themB. that
C. whichD. what
7. Care of the soul is a gradual process even the small details of life should be considered.
A. whatB. in what
C. whichD. in which
8. I wish to thank Professor Smith， without help I would never have got this far.
A. whoB. whose
C. whomD. which
9. By 16：30， was almost closing time， nearly all the paintings had been sold.
A. whichB. when
C. whatD. that
10. In our class there are 46 students， half wear glasses.
A. in whomB. in them
C. of whomD. of them
11. We live in an age more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
A. whyB. when
C. to whomD. on which
12. Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature， ， for some reason， had withdrawn from all human society.
A. whichB. who
C. whereD. whom
13. After the flooding， people were suffering in that area， urgently needed clean water， medicine and shelter to survive.
A. whichB. who
C. whereD. what
14. The prize will go to the writer story shows the most imagination.
A. thatB. which
C. whoseD. what
15. Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a Tshirt， is a stupid thing to do in such weather.
A. thisB. that
C. whatD. which
16. Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others， ， of course， make all the others upset.
A. whoB. which
C. whatD. that
17. Youll find taxis waiting at the bus station you can hire to reach your host family.
A. whichB. where
C. whenD. as
18. The old town has narrow streets and small houses are built close to each other.
A. theyB. where
C. whatD. that
19. She showed the visitors around the museum， the construction had taken more than three years.
A. for whichB. with which
C. of whichD. to which
20. Between the two parts of the concert is an interval， the audience can buy icecream.
A. whenB. where
C. thatD. which
21. Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator， it will keep for two or three weeks.
A. whenB. which
C. whereD. while
22. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures， each of uses it somewhat differently.
A. whichB. what
C. themD. those
23. A bank is the place they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.
A. whenB. that
C. whereD. there
24. She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students allows them to communicate freely with each other.
A. whichB. where
C. whatD. who
25. The school shop， customers are mainly students， is closed for the holidays.
A. whichB. whose
C. whenD. where
二、名词性从句
名词性从句是高中英语重要的也是考生不易掌握的语法项目之一。名词性从句是高考的一个重要考点，而对考生来说也是一大难点。分析最近几年的高考可以发现高考对名词性从句的考查相对集中在以下几个方面：
1. 考查引导词that与what的区别。
2. 考查名词性从句的句序。
3. 考查it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语。
4. 考查whether与if的区别。
5. 考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别。
6. 考查名词性从句中的同位语从句和定语从句的区别。
7. 考查名词性从句的语气问题。
【真题再现】
（1） you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company. （2013四川卷）
A. WhenB. How
C. WhatD. That
【解析】 答案选C。考查定语从句。本题考查主语从句。此句谓语动词为describes，之前的部分即为主语从句。从句中谓语said缺少宾语，故用what作said的宾语引导主语从句； that在名词性从句中不做成分，只表陈述的语气；而when和how为副词，只能做状语，不能作主干成分。
（2） Its good to know the dogs will be well cared for while were away. （2013山东卷）
A. whatB. whose
C. whichD. that
【解析】 答案选D。本题考查宾语从句。动词know之后为宾语从句，从句意思完整，也不缺少成分，用that表陈述一件实事。What / which作主语或宾语；whose作定语。
（3） makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer. （2013北京卷）
A. ThatB. What
C. WhoD. Which
【解析】 答案选B。本题考查主语从句。is之前为主语从句。从句中缺少主语指事物，故选what。that只起引导作用，不充当成分，排除；who指人；不符合语境，排除；which充当定语，通常指在一定的范围中，因此不符合上下文的语境，排除。
（4） Experts believe people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary. （2013北京卷）
A. whyB. where
C. thatD. what
【解析】 答案选C。本题考查宾语从句。从句陈述一个事实，结构完整，不缺少成分，故选用that。why作原因状语；where做地点状语；what作主语或宾语。
（5） I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents. （2013天津卷）
A. ThatB. Which
C. WhetherD. What
【解析】 答案选D。本题考查主语从句。根据句子的逻辑关系可以发现从句中缺少动词tell的直接宾语，指事物，故填what；而which通常是在一定的范围中，意为“哪一个”，that、whether只起引导作用，均不做成分。
（6） Police have found appears to be the lost ancient statue. （2013新课标I卷）
A. whichB. where
C. howD. what
【解析】 答案选D。本题考查宾语从句。从句中缺少主语指事物，故填上代词what。Which表示在确定范围里的选择；where和how只能作状语。
（7） struck me most in the movie was the fathers deep love for his son. （2013重庆卷）
A. ThatB. It
C. WhatD. Which
【解析】 答案选C。本题考查主语从句。主语从句中缺少主语，故使用代词what；that表陈述，不做成分；which表示在确定范围内进行选择，译为“哪一个”。
（8） Do not let any failures discourage you， for you can never tell close you may be to victory. （2013湖南卷）
A. howB. that
C. whichD. where
【解析】 答案选A。本题考查宾语从句。动词tell之后为宾语从句，宾语从句部分为感叹句转换而来，修饰形容词close用how，故选A。that， which和where都不能引导感叹句。
（9） one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it. （2013江西卷）
A. WhoeverB. Whatever
C. WhicheverD. Wherever
【解析】 答案选C。本题考查主语从句。主句谓语为will have to pay，之前为主语从句，根据句意， whichever“无论哪一个”，作定语，修饰one，故选C。whoever作主语；whatever指物，不符合题意；wherever指地点，作地点状语，也不符合语境。
（10） It remains to be seen the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice. （2013陕西卷）
A. thatB. which
C. whatD. whether
【解析】 答案选D。本题考查主语从句。it作形式主语，真正主语为横线后的主语从句。从句结构完整，因此排除作代词的B和C两项；“有待被观察”的事情应是不确定的事，排除表陈述的that，选用whether“是否”。
（11） The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief you are better than anyone else on the sports field. （2013浙江卷）
A. howB. that
C. whichD. whether
【解析】 答案选B。本题考查同位语从句。belief后所接的从句对其内容进行解释说明，故为同位语从句，that表示陈述一个事实，所以答案B正确。how如何；which哪一个；whether是否；均不符合语境。
12. From space， the earth looks blue. This is about seventyone percent of its surface is covered by water. （2013安徽卷）
A. whyB. how
C. becauseD. whether
【解析】 答案选C。本题考查表语从句。because 表示原因，所C正确。why，how和whether均不符合语境。
巩固操练二
1. The limits of a persons intelligence， generally speaking， are fixed at birth， but he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.
A. whereB. whether
C. thatD. why
2. Evidence has been found through years of study childrens early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.
A. whyB. how
C. whetherD. that
3. It is by no means clear the president can do to end the strike.
A. howB. which
C. thatD. what
4. Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt he could have expressed it differently.
A. whyB. how
C. thatD. whether
5. We promise attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.
A. whoB. whom
C. whoeverD. whomever
6. As many as five courses are provided， and you are free to choose suits you best.
A. whateverB. whichever
C. wheneverD. wherever
7. Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesnt matter you have lived there for a short or a long time.
A. whyB. how
C. whetherD. when
8. We should respect food and think about the people who dont have we have here and treat food nicely.
A. thatB. which
C. whatD. whether
9. It suddenly occurred to him he had left his keys in the office.
A. whetherB. where
C. whichD. that
10. The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for he could find about Mark Twain.
A. whereverB. however
C. whateverD. whichever
11. Scientists study human brains work to make computers.
A. whenB. how
C. thatD. whether
12. I made a promise to myself this year， my first year in high school， would be different.
A. whetherB. what
C. thatD. how
13. The notice came around two in the afternoon the meeting would be postponed.
A. whenB. that
C. whetherD. how
14. Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.
A. WhichB. What
C. ThatD. Whom
15. The shocking news made me realize terrible problems we would face.
A. whatB. how
C. thatD. why
16. There is clear evidence the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.
A. whatB. if
C. howD. that
17. The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of others actually understand.
A. whyB. that
C. whichD. what
18. I am afraid hes more of a talker than a doer， which is he never finishes anything.
A. thatB. when
C. whereD. why
19. Weve offered her the job， but I dont know shell accept it.
A. whereB. what
C. whetherD. which
20. The villagers have already known well do is to rebuild the bridge.
A. thisB. that
C. whatD. which
21. It was never clear the man hadnt reported the accident sooner.
A. thatB. how
C. whenD. why
22. His writing is so confusing that its difficult to make out it is he is trying to express.
A. thatB. how
C. whoD. what
23. Our teachers always tell us to believe in we do and who we are if we want to succeed.
A. whyB. how
C. whatD. which
24. Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach the students to read first.
A. whatB. who
C. howD. why
25. When the news came the war broke out， he decided， to serve in the army.
A. sinceB. which
C. thatD. because
26. Modern science has given clear evidence smoking can lead to many diseases.
A. whatB. which
C. thatD. where
27. Id like to start my own business―thats Id do if I had the money.
A. whyB. when
C. whichD. what
28. It is still under discussion the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.
A. whetherB. when
C. whichD. where
29. It is not always easy for the public to see use a new invention can be of to human life.
A. whoseB. what
C. whichD. that
30. Before a problem can be solved， it must be obvious the problem itself is.
A. whatB. that
C. whichD. why
参考答案
巩固操练一
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巩固操练二
1―5 BDDCC6―10 BCCDC11―15 BCBBA16―20 DDDCC21―25 DDCCC26―30 CDABA