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考点一 考查rather too的用法
rather too可视为too的强调说法,意思是“太……”。如:
It’s rather too expensive. 这太贵了。
The exercise is rather too difficult. 这练习太难了。
注意,这样用的rather有时也可以换成 much或far,即 rather too与 much too,far too用法相似,但不能换成 quite too。如:
He spoke rather [much] too fast. 他说话说得太快了。
You ask far [rather] too many questions. 你问的问题实在太多了。
This is far [rather] too heavy for you to lift. 这东西太重,你提不起来。
My husband is rather [much] too busy to see visitors. 我丈夫太忙,不能见客。
不过,在rather too many这类表达中,rather通常不宜换成 much。
考点二 考查would rather的用法
would rather是一个非常重要的表达,它的意思是“宁愿”,其后通常接动词原形。如:
We’d rather stay at home. 我们宁愿待在家里。
I would rather not tell him. 我宁愿不告诉他。
但是,若谈论过去情况,则要后接动词的完成时。如:
I’d rather have left yesterday. 昨天我本来宁愿离开的。
I’d rather have gone to the theatre last night. 昨晚我本来要去看戏的。
We’d rather have told her the news. 我们本来是要告诉她这个消息的。
注意,若后接从句,从句谓语要用虚拟语气(指现在或将来用过去时,指过去用过去完成时)。如:
I’d rather you went tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天去。
I’d rather you hadn’t said it. 我真希望你没有这样说过。
若表示“宁愿(做)……而不愿(做)……”,英语可用 would rather... than... 这样的形式。注意,此时 than之后也接动词原形,不过若与rather后的动词相同时,通常省去。如:
He would rather walk than take a bus. 他宁愿走路而不愿坐公共汽车。
She would rather have the small one than the large one. 她宁愿要小的那个,而不愿要大的。
最后补充一点,当 rather用作程度副词时,可用来修饰 like,enjoy,hope,appreciate等动词,所以若 would rather与这些动词连用,它并不表示“宁愿”,而应把 rather理解为“相当”。如:
I’d rather like the film. 我相当喜欢这部电影。
考点三 考核rather than的用法
rather than的意思是“而不”“不是……(而是)”“与其……(不如)”,通常视为连词(相当于but not),所以它通常用于连接两个平行的句子成分。如:
He ran rather than walked. 他不是在走而是在跑。
He is a writer rather than a teacher. 与其说他是教师,还不如说他是作家。
You are doing this for yourself rather than for others. 你做这件事不是为别人,而是为你自己。
It was what he meant rather than what he said. 这是他的意思,而不是他说的话。
在实际应用中,rather than除用作连词外,也可用作介词,所以当连接两个不定式时,后面一个不定式可带to或不带to(视为并列连词),也可用动名词(视为介词)。如:
I decided to stay at home rather than (to) go [going] to the cinema. 我宁愿待在家里也不愿去看电影。
但是,如果rather than位于句首,其后的不定式通常不带to(也可用动名词),但一般不接带to不定式。如:
Rather than waste [wasting] your time doing it yourself,why don’t you call in a builder? 你为什么宁愿浪费时间自己去干而不去请一个包工的呢?
Rather than use [using] the last of my cash,I decided to write a cheque. 我决定开张支票而不把现金用光。
最后提醒一点,当用rather than连接两个成分作主语时,其谓语动词的数通常与前面一个主语保持一致。如:
The teacher rather than the students is to blame. 应受责备的是老师而不是学生。