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巧学妙用形容词和副词的比较等级

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我们都知道,形容词副词在英语中使用得相当广泛。但是学生总觉得,正确地使用它们有着很多疑点。为减少学生们学习中的障碍,现将形容词和副词的比较等级的用法作些归纳供大家参考。

1、形容词往往作定语修饰名词,放在名词的前面。例如:

He is a clever boy.

That is quite an easy question.

但是,当形容词修饰不定代词something、anything、nothing等词时,则放在不定代词之后。例如:

Boys and girls,please listen to me.I have something important to tell you.

The doctor looked her over carefully and said,“Nothing serious.”

2、形容词还可以作表语,跟在连系动词be、look、become、seem、taste、feel、smell等后面。例如:

Our classroom is big and bright.

This kind of food tastes delicious.

Will Polly feel unhappy when I am away?

3、副词通常在句中作状语,修饰形容词,副词或动词。例如:

He seemed terribly ill.

He did quite well in the school sports meeting.

They talked and laughed happily.

其实,形容词和副词的用法远远不止这些。这里所谈到的是它们的最基本形式,英语中称之为“原级”。

另外,形容词、副词还有“比较级”和“最高级”。即英语中的“形容词和副词的比较等级”。

下面,就形容词、副词比较等级的用法作简要讲解。

1、原级的用法

含义:不和任何事物进行比较。

例如:My pencil-box is new.

Tony is tall and strong.

原级词前面往往有quite、as、so、too、very、rather等词修饰。

例如:He jumped quite high in the high jump.

Living in the country is very exciting.

She did rather badly last time.

The room is too small to hold flfty people.

值得一提的是,quite,very,so修饰形容词时,再与含不定冠词的名词连用,其位置有所不同。

例如:汉语是一门很难的语言。可译成:Chinese is a very difficult language.或Chinese is quite a difficult language.或Chinese is so difficult a language.在“与…一样”或“与…不一样”的结构“as…as”,“not as/so…as”中必须用形容词或副词的原级。

例如:P.E.is as important as music.

My brother didn't get up as early as my mother.

2、比较级的用法

含义:用于两者(人或事物)之间的比较。

例如:Your hair is longer than mine.

It's easier to ride a motorbike than to ride a bike.

The weather in Beijing is much colder than that in Shanghai.

注意:两个相比较的部分在结构和形式上应相同。

另外,在使用形容词或副词的比较级时,还应该注意以下几点:

(1)表示“两者中较…的一个”时,属特指,形容词的比较级前要加定冠词the.

例如:Suzhou is the more beautiful of the two cities.

She is the taller of the two girls.

(2)表示“越来越…”,常用结构:

A、比较级+and+比较级。

例如 colder and colder,better and better,easier and easier

B、more and more+多音节形容词或副词。

例如:more and more interesting,more and more delicious,more and more clearly.

(3)英语中,表示“越…越…”,常用:“the+比较级,the+比较级”结构。

例如:The earlier you start,the better it will be.

The harder he worked,the happier he felt.

(2)比较级前面往往也有修饰词。常用的有:a little, a lot,much,still,even,far.

例如:It's much cheaper and far more enjoyable than a rushed trip by air.

On Mid-autumn Day,the moon looks even bigger and brighter.

There is much more milk in this bottle than in that one.

(3)当more用来修饰或代替复数名词表示程度时,用many修饰,不用much.

例如:He has more apples than I.

Many more trees must be planted every year.

3、最高级的用法

含义:表示二者或二者以上(人或事物)的比较,其中有一个在某一方面超过其它几个时,用最高级。最高级的前面一般要加定冠词the,后面可带of或in

短语来说明比较的范围。

例如:Whose drawing is the best of all?

Which do you like best,dogs,cats or chickens?

Li Mei jumped farthest in the long jump.

The girl is the youngest student in our class.

当比较双方属于同一范畴时,应用other或else排除自身,因为自己不能和自己比较。

例如:Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.

一旦被比较双方不属于同一范畴时,则不存在自己与自己相比较的问题,所以不可用other或else.

例如:Shanghai is larger than any city in Africa.