手持GPS在土地利用数据库更新中的应用研究
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摘要：全国土地第二次调查是目前国土部门的一项重大任务。恢复土地过程中实地调查是非常重要的步骤。传统的调查方法花费太多的时间和精力，并且很难找到面积或长度的测量且迅速，准确地记录结果的实施方案。在对手持gps性能和定位精度研究的基础上，总结了一些实际工作中数据采集的方法[1]。首先，GPS及土地数据库的描述。其次，土地利用中GIS的作用，包括采集、建库等等。第三，显示的关键技术，包括数据准备，准确定位，坐标转换，实地测量和现场 编辑。最后，总结了手持GPS在野外区调及土地更新中优点及发展前景。提出了将GPS手持机绝对定位结果标定在地形图上的一个简单而新颖的方法，大大增强了GPS手持机在野外地质填图中的实用性。详细说明了GPS手持机中地方坐标系和国家坐标系的转换问题，并对其定位误差的处理措施和提高定位精度的方法做了说明及外业测量时整体流程。
关键词：手持GPS；坐标转换；差分技术；GIS
Abstract:The second national land survey is a major task of the land sector.Field survey is a very important step in the process of land consolidation and rehabilitation.Traditional methods of field survey take much time and effort and it is difficult to locate facilities of projects,to measure area or length and to spot and record problems quickly and accurately.A global positioning system (GPS)-based field survey system is introduced[11].
Firstly is the description of GPS and land database.Secondly,the role of GIS in land use,including the collection,library and so on. Third, the display of key technologies,including data preparation,precise positioning,coordinate transformation,field measurements and field editing. Finally,we give a summary of the advantage and the prospect of handheld GPS in the wild areas of land survey and land update,and also suggest demarcate the absolute positioning results of handheld GPS in the topographic map.And this simple and novel method can greatly enhance the practical use of handheld GPS in the field geological mapping.In this paper,we give a detail description to the conversion of local coordinate system and the national coordinate system in handheld GPS,and also illustrate its measures to handle positioning error and to improve the positioning accuracy as well as the whole process of outdoors measure activities.
Key words: Hand GPS；Coordinate Transformation；Difierential；GIS
中图分类号：P228.4 文献标识码：A文章编号：2095-2104（2013）1-0020-03
Abstract:The second national land survey is a major task of the land sector.Field survey is a very important step in the process of land consolidation and rehabilitation.Traditional methods of field survey take much time and effort and it is difficult to locate facilities of projects,to measure area or length and to spot and record problems quickly and accurately.A global positioning system (GPS)-based field survey system is introduced[11].
Firstly is the description of GPS and land database.Secondly,the role of GIS in land use,including the collection,library and so on. Third, the display of key technologies,including data preparation,precise positioning,coordinate transformation,field measurements and field editing. Finally,we give a summary of the advantage and the prospect of handheld GPS in the wild areas of land survey and land update,and also suggest demarcate the absolute positioning results of handheld GPS in the topographic map.And this simple and novel method can greatly enhance the practical use of handheld GPS in the field geological mapping.In this paper,we give a detail description to the conversion of local coordinate system and the national coordinate system in handheld GPS,and also illustrate its measures to handle positioning error and to improve the positioning accuracy as well as the whole process of outdoors measure activities.