形容词和副词比较等级的特殊结构

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形容词和副词的比较等级中有一些特殊情况。它们常在各种考题中出现,同学们也常常出错。现将这些特殊结构作一归纳,供同学们学习时参考。

一、 同级比较的特殊结构

1. as ... as结构中的形容词修饰单数可数名词时,应将不定冠词a(an)放在形容词和名词之间,不可放在形容词之前。例如:

她和她父亲一样是好老师。

[误]She is as a good teacher as her father.

[正]She is as good a teacher as her father.

2. “not so (as) ... as”结构中的形容词修饰单数可数名词时,可将“a + 单数可数名词”放在“so (as) + 形容词”之前,也可将“so (as) + 形容词”放在“a + 单数可数名词”之前。例如:

你找不到一个和这个同样有用的机器。

[误]You can?蒺t find so a useful machine as this one.

[正]You can?蒺t find a machine so useful as this one.

[正]You can?蒺t find so useful a machine as this one.

3. as ... as结构用来比较同一个人或物的两种性质或两个方面时,意为“既……又……”、“不但……而且……”。例如:

This sweater is as good as it is cheap. 这件毛衣质量又好价格又便宜。

The girl is as tall as she is beautiful. 这姑娘不但个子高而且长得很漂亮。

二、 含比较级的特殊结构

1. “the + 比较级 + of the two”表示“两个中较……的一个”。例如:

Wang Gang is the taller of the two boys. 王刚在两个男孩中个子较高。

Kate runs the faster of the two girls. 凯特是两个女孩中跑得较快的一个。

2. “比较级 + and + 比较级”意为“越来越……”。若这种比较结构中用的是多音节形容词或副词,则应该用“more and more + 原级”。例如:

The days are getting longer and longer. 白天变得越来越长。

English is becoming more and more important. 英语变得越来越重要。

3. “The + 比较级……, the + 比较级……”意为“越……就越……”。例如:

The sooner, the better. 越快越好。

The busier he is, the happier he feels. 他越忙越高兴。

The harder we work, the more we learn. 我们越用功,我们学到的就越多。

三、 含最高级的特殊结构

1. “one of + 形容词最高级 + 复数名词”意为“最……之一”。例如:

China is one of the largest countries in the world. 中国是世界上最大的国家之一。

2. “序数词 + 形容词最高级 + 单数可数名词”表示“第几最……”。例如:

The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黄河是中国第二长河。

3. 零冠词 + 形容词最高级。形容词最高级前面有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格修饰时,最高级前面不加the。 两个最高级连用时,后一个最高级前面也不加the。 例如:

He is our best teacher. 他是我们最好的老师。

Liu Fang is the youngest and shortest girl in our class. 刘芳是我们班年龄最小、个子最矮的女孩。

四、 比较等级之间的转换

1. 原级与比较级之间的转换: not so (as) ... as less + (多音节形容词或副词)原级 + than。 例如:

Tom is not so (as) careful as Mary. Tom is less careful than Mary. 汤姆没有玛丽细心。

2. 比较级之间的转换:将前后两个比较对象互换或使用比较级形容词的反义词。例如:

John is younger than Bill. Bill is older than John. 约翰比比尔年轻。

3. 比较级表示最高级意义

① 比较级 + than + any other + 单数名词(有时也可接复数名词)。例如:

Zhang Lei is taller than any other student in his class. Zhang Lei is the tallest student in his class. 张磊是他们班个子最高的。

② 比较级 + than + the other(或any of the other) + 复数名词。例如:

Mike is younger than the other boys in his class. Mike is the youngest boy in his class. 迈克是他们班男孩中年纪最小的。

③ 比较级 + than + anyone else。 例如:

Mr Smith is fatter than anyone else in his office. Mr Smith is the fattest in his office. 史密斯先生是他办公室里最胖的。