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不可忽视的插入语

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摘 要:插入语是插入在句子中的一个词,短语, 从句,分句等成分,通常被逗号、破折号等和句子的其它部分隔开,是一种独立成分。单选题有时直接考查,有时做为干扰成分增加考查其它考点的难度。下面就结合实例介绍插入语的用法。

关键词:不可忽视 插入语

一、插入语通常是对一句话做出附加解释,说明或总结

有时表示说话者的态度和看法;有时可以起转移话题或说明事由的作用;也可以承上启下,使句子与前面的语句衔接得更紧密。插入语的位置,可在句首、句中或句末,一般用逗号或分号隔开。例如:

In addition, I enjoy learning about new things ranging from politics to sports.

He knows three foreign languages, namely, English, Japanese and Spanish.

但是有些词或短语可插在句子中,不用逗号隔开。例如:

What on earth are you doing here?

二、插入语大致可分为以下8种类型

1. 形容词或形容词短语作插入语, 如:worst still, sure enough, strange等。

Strange, there is nobody in the classroom.

很奇怪,教室里没人。

2. 副词或副词短语作插入语, 如:indeed,surely, especially, personally, honestly, luckily, besides等。

Honestly, I don't need it at the moment.

说实话,我现在不需要它。

Surely, I will keep the secret for my whole life.

我一定会终生保密。

3. 介词短语作插入语, 如:in short, as a matter of fact, in my opinion, in conclusion, for example, on the contrary等。

In short, we should not stop halfway.

简言之,我们不能半途而废。

On the contrary, we should strengthen our ties with them.

相反,我们还应加强和他们的联系。

4. 现在分词短语作插入语, 如:generally/honestly/ frankly speaking, judging from/ by …, talking of…, considering…等。

Considering his age, he did very well.

从年龄考虑,他干得挺不错。

Frankly speaking, I don’t like the job.

坦率地说,我不喜欢这份工作。

5. 动词不定式, 如:to be sure, to be honest/frank,to tell you the truth,to be short, to begin with, to make things worse等。

To be frank, I don’t quite agree with you.

坦率地说,我不太同意你的意见。

That’s a wonderful idea, to be sure. 这个主意好极了,的确。

6.从句, 如:if so / not / any, as you know, if you like, if you please, if necessary/possible, if convenient等。

This man, as you know, is good for nothing.

正如你所说的,这个人是个废物。

You can, if you please, come to join us in the game.

如果你愿意,可以来参加我们的游戏。

7. 分句, 如:I say /hear, I think /hope / believe/suppose/guess, you know / see, what’s more, that is(to say), I’m afraid, I’m sure, 等。

It’s a great mistake, I think, not to accept their proposal.

我看,不接受他们的建议是个大错误。

I can’t attend your lecture, I’m afraid.

恐怕我不能参加你的讲座了。

8. 用标点符号引导插入语,

如:He was (strange as it seems)an excellent sportsman.

他(尽管还显得令人不解)是个出色的运动员。

He was -to me at least, if not to you-a figure that was worth having pity on.

至少我觉得如此,即使你不这样认为,他是一个值得同情的人。

三、插入语对其它考点的影响

1. 名词性从句

You’d better give the task to ______ you think can finish it ahead of time

A. whomever B. whoever C. anyone D. no matter who

通过分析可知you think 为插入语,宾语从句中缺主语,所以选B.

2. 定语从句

The girl _______ everybody had thought could win a gold medal failed at last.

A. who B. whom C. what D. which

从句中的everybody had thought 为插入语,从句中缺主语,所以用who引导定语从句,而不能用whom.

又如:

She took up jogging after recovering from the operation, _________ of great benefit to his health.

A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. that I think is D. which it is

选项A中I think为插入语,从句中which是主语,is是谓语动词,A项正确。B项it和which成分重复。That 不引导非限制性定语从句,故C项不对。D项it与which成分重复。

3. 不定式

In many people’s opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant _____.

A. to be dealt with B. to deal with C. dealing with D. dealt with

分析题干可知,in many people’s opinion和 though relatively small 都是插入语,主干结构为“主+系+表(adj. +to do)”,其中不定式用主动形式表被动意义。故B项正确。

通过上述分析可见,尽管插入语不是庞大的语法项目,但对它的准确辨认和理解却能影响解答其它考点的题目,其作用不可小觑。所以在平时的教学中,既要教给学生插入语的全面用法,又要引导学生在具体语境中掌握插入语的功能,从而顺利解答各类题目。