从“农转城空巢老人”看土地市场化改革
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摘要：分户转城住村的农转城空巢老人，是重庆户籍制度改革的特有现象。农转城空巢老人是居住乡村的“城镇居民”，农转城并未给其生活来实际的改变，经济状况、生活状况、健康状况、闲暇状况都不容乐观。农村老人分户转城是为了留住土地这个“根”，转城住村是为了守住“一亩三分地”，“土地财富”是农转城空巢老人问题的关节点。因此，必须通过土地市场化改革，确保农民的土地财富，才能引导农转城空巢老人走出困境，才能实现农民“转户进城”成为新市民的伟大变革。
关键词：农转城空巢老人；户籍制度改革；农民市民化；分户转城；转城住村；土地市场化改革，土地财富；人地变动
中图分类号：F126；F321.1 文献标志码：A 文章编号：16748131（2012）04000110
On Marketoriented Land Reform Based on Rural Leftbehind
Old People Who and Whose Next Generation Have Become Urban
Residents but Who still Work and Live in the Countryside
—Reflection Based on the Investigation on Dabang Village of Dongxi Town of Qijiang District of Chongqing
YANG Shunxiang
（Chongqing Party School of CPC, Chongqing 400041, China）
Abstract: The rural leftbehind old people who and whose next generation have become urban residents but who still work and live in the countryside, which is a special phenomenon of Chongqing’s household register system reform. The rural leftbehind old people are “urban residents” who live in the countryside, their household register change does not bring real change to their life, and their economic situation, living condition, health condition and recreation condition are not optimistic. The rural leftbehind old people work and live in the countryside in order to retain their “root” of land, their household register has become urban residents but they still work and live in the countryside because they try to continuously maintain “their land” and “land wealth” is the key to the problem of the rural leftbehind old people. Thus, Chongqing must perform marketoriented land reform and ensure the peasants to own land wealth so that the rural leftbehind people can be guided to move away from the predicament and the great change of the peasants to urban residents and to live in the cities can be realized.
Key words: rural leftbehind old people who and whose next generation have become urban residents but who still live in the countryside; household register system reform; change of peasants to urban residents; peasants whose household register has become urban residents; peasants whose household register has become urban residents but who still live in the countryside; marketoriented land reform; land wealth; change of people and land
一、引言
2010年7月25日，重庆市政府出台了《重庆市人民政府关于统筹城乡户籍制度改革的意见》（渝府发〔2010〕78号）；2010年8月1 日，《重庆市统筹城乡户籍制度改革农村居民转户实施办法（试行）》开始实施，标志着作为“全国统筹城乡综合配套改革实验区”的重庆市户籍制度改革进入实质推进阶段。在重庆市户籍制度改革不断推进过程中，形成了一个特殊的社会群体——农转城空巢老人。