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高中导入艺术小结英语课堂

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一、导入的艺术性应从这几个方面理解

(1)针对性

针对教学内容,学生特点而设计,不能游离与教学内容之外。

(2)趣味性

心理学研究表明,另学生耳目一新的“新异刺激”可以有效地强化学生的感受,吸引学生的注意指向。

(3)简洁性

二、常见的几种导入方法

1. 以巩固知识,渗透技能为主的导入方式

高中英语教学,尤其是高三英语复习,在教学内容上,教学方法上明显不同与初中阶段的教学,各种直观道具形式的导入方式已不占主导优势,取而代之的是有针对性的锻炼各种技能的导入方法,常见的有:

(1)以单项选择题导入

对单项选择题的理解不能仅停留在其内容只是考察基本语法知识或词汇知识,其形式只是英语试卷的一项分量值很少的一个题型,我这里所要阐述的是:它完全可以作为一种导入方式,以板书,或多媒体的形式呈现,其内容可以单一的考察所学知识,例如:词汇辨析,句型结构,语法专项;也可以把完型填空题,阅读理解题进行挑选,整理成几个典型的有针对的练习理解能力或作题方法的单项选择题,供学生练习,这样就可以做到精选,精练,精讲,提高了教学效果,长期坚持,学生做完型填空题,和阅读理解题的能力显著提高,这也是本人长期从事英语教学工作的一个重要经验之一。

(2)以阅读材料为主的导入方法

这种方法的主要目的是学生的阅读理解能力,具体就是提高其做完型填空题,阅读理解题,听力题,甚至写作题,短文该错题的能力,让上述能力在“导入”,这一短暂时间内得到点滴积累,逐步渗透,坚持下去会达到水到渠成的效果。

这种导入方法的方式多样,比如,可以利用多媒体课件,选择内容上贴近课文的一些阅读材料,以视频形式呈现给学生,随后给出几个选择题供学生作答;或者选择一篇完形填空的文章,不过只保留几个较为典型的选项题,呈现于屏幕或黑板,供学生阅读,然后选出正确选项;或者直接读一篇文章,或介绍一些相关的文化背景知识给学生听,然后给几个问题。讲完故事后,给出两个选择题以及选项,让学生根据所听内容选择最佳选项。这样不仅锻炼学生的听力,还锻炼对阅读材料的理解能力。

(3)free- talk导入

这里所说的free- talk,不是单一的师生互动式的单纯练习交际能力的谈话导入方式,而是把它与写作结合起来,在老师组织和引导下的free- talk。

2. 以提高课堂艺术,激发学习兴趣渗透基本能力的导入方式。

(1)承前启后导入法

这种方法也叫复习导入法。教师在复习上一节课内容的基础之上,激起学生学习下一课内容的欲望的导入法。这种方法便于学生巩固已学内容,便于将新旧内容有机地联系起来,便于教师循序渐进地开展教学,使学生在“温故”的基础上产生“知新”的内在动力。

如(SB l A Unit 3 Lesson 10)American English讲述的是美国英语与英国英语在语音、词汇、及拼写方面的差别以及产生这些差别的原因;而Lesson9中的Dialogue里Yang Mei因不知英美表示“秋天”的用词差异,而不知Sara所问。于是,教师可以这样导入:

T:Why did Yang Mei not quite follow Sara?

S:Because she didn’t understand the meaning of “falI”?

T:Why not?

S:Because they didn’t know Americans say “fall” instead of“autumn”.

T:Right. If we know the differences between American English and British English,we can learn English better. Do you think so?

S:Yes.

T:Would you like to know about their differences?

S:Yes.We’d like to.

T:Ok. Please turn to page 10. Let’s learn Lesson 10,American English.

(2)贴近生活导入法

把教材内容贴近实际生活,同时又把实际生活引入教学过程中,使课文学习与现实生活(包括热点新闻、热门话题等)紧密地联系起来,激发学生联想、想象,使新旧知识融会贯通。此法也包括时事评论导入法、Free talk导入法等。

高一Unit 9 Lesson 33是Jenny和Mei Ge围绕公司买电脑的一段对话。教师讲授此课时,便可联系学校欲购电脑建机房一事,让学生发表自己的看法,从而导入新课。

a. Though our school is not very rich,our headmaster has decided to buy some computers to build a computers’ room.In your opinion,is it right to make such a decision? Why?

b. If you are sent to buy computers for our school,what will you do before buying them? Which types Of computers do you prefer,Pentium III or Pentium IV?

c. Today we are going to lean a dialogue about buying a new computer. Now,listen to the dialogue carefully and find out the answer to this question:Which computer have they decided to buy?

(3)直观刺激导入法

运用简笔画、插图、挂图、实物、录音机、录像片、幻灯片、多媒体等手段导入新课,可使抽象复杂的事物变得具体实际。由于形、声、色的感官刺激,使多种器官协同活动,增强了接受效果,此外,还可以培养学生的观察能力。根据使用的不同媒体及具体场合的不同,此法又可分为图片评说导入法、音乐欣赏导入法等等。

如在讲(高一Unit 5 Lesson,18)The Green Hills of Tangsa一文,教师可引导学生对书中插图进行评说来导入新课。

T:Just have a look at the picture.What can you see?

Ss:Two women,some young trees and a lot of big trees on the hills.

T:Can you guess which country they are from?

Ss:Yes. They are Indians.(Judge from their clothes)

T:What are they doing?

Ss:They are planting trees.

T:Why do they plant trees?

Ss:(get the students to have a discussion)

T:You’re right.So they plant trees every year.The hills take a new look.But did they plant trees in the past? When did they realize the importance of planting trees?

Ss:No.

T:Please read the passage quickly and find out the answers to these questions.

(4)标题讨论导入法

对于学生较熟悉的事情,教师可以围绕课文的标题设置问题与学生进行讨论来导入新课。这种方法简捷明快,可使学生的思维迅速定向,很快进入对课文中心的探求。

如在教(高一Unit 10 Lesson 38)The Olympic Games一课,教师可以这样导入:

T:Today,We are going to learn Lesson 38,The Olympic Games.But what are the Olympic Games?

Ss:They are the greatest world sports games.

T:How often are they held?

SS:Every four year.

T:When and where were the 27th Olympic Games held?

SS:They were held in Sydney in 2000.

T:How many gold medals did the Chinese team get in the games?

SS:They got 28 gold medals.

T:When and where were the first Modern Olympic Game held? When did the team from PRO take part in them for the first time? How many medals did the Chinese team get? What’s the Olympic spirit? Please read the text quickly to find the answers.

(5)设置悬念导入法

这种方法是教师讲一个内容生动精彩、情节扣人心弦的小故事或故事的一个片断,或者举—个触目惊心的事实来制造悬念,使学生对故事或相关事物产生关切感,从而对课文认真阅读。

如(高二Unitl2Lesson46)Escape from the Zoo一文,教师可以这样导入:

T:What’s kept in the zoo?

SS:All kinds of tigers,lions,elephants

T:If a lion escapes from the zoo,what will happen?

S1:It’ll run away.

S2:It’ll hurt the people.

S3:It’ll be killed.

T:Today we’re going to read a story about a lion that escaped from the zoo.Did the lion hurt anybody? Was it killed by somebody? What happened to the lion at last?

(6)谚语成语导入法

古今中外有许多谚语成语,语言精练,寓意深刻,耐人寻味。教师可以根据教学内容引用相关的谚语成语导入新课,如“有爆竹,骤响易彻”。

如(高一Unit 4 Lesson 13)Travel一课,有位教师是这样导入:

T:Have you heard such a sentence,"Thousands of miles traveling is better than thousands of books reading"?

SS:No。

T:Can you guess what it means?

SS:读万卷书不如走万里路。

T:Good! Do you accept such an idea?

SS:Yes.

T:If you can travel vacation,Where would you like to go?

SS:...

T:Ok. Today we are going to learn a dialogue between Betty and Jane.Now,listen carefully and find out the answers to these questions:

1. Where is Betty going? How is she going?

2. Where is Jane going? How is she going?

(7)文化背景导入法

教师通过介绍课文的作者、背景知识、或者相关的英美文化习俗来导入新课,切入正题。这种方法不仅可以拓宽学生的知识面,而且可以增加学生对课文的理解。这是一种喜闻乐见的方法。

如(高二 Unit10 Lesson 38)At the Tailor’s Shop是根据美国作家马克吐温(Mark Twain)的《百万英镑》(The£1000000 Bank—Note)中一段情节改写而成的,教师可以这样导入:

Do you know about Mark Twain? He is a famous American writer,also an outstanding humorist and satirist.He was born in 1835,and died in 1910.He wrote many works’ during his lifetime,including "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer",“Life on the Mississippi",and "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn". Besides the above- mentioned works,Mark Twain’s short story "The £1000000 Bank- Note" is also well—known.The story" At the Tailor’s Shop",Which we are going to learn today,is extracted from "The £1000000 Bank—Note".It exposed evils in the capital society,in which money is everything.Why do I say so? Read the story,please.

(8)问题引路导入法

教师从易到难,步步引路,层层深入,向学生提出一个个问题,让学生思考回答,使学生迅速集中注意力,并激起学生对即将学习的材料产生极大的兴趣和热情。

如(高二Unit7 Lesson 26)Canada一课,有位老师是这样导入的:

T:Do you know which country is the largest one in the world?

SS:Russian.

T:Which country is the second largest one?

Ss:Canada.

T:Which country is the third largest?

Ss:China.

T:Right.Have you ever been to Canada?

Ss:No,we haven’t.

T:Do you want to know something about Canada,such as its capital,population,languages,weather,natural resources?

Ss:Yes.

T:Ok.Let’s learn the text Canada,shall we?

笔者仅列举了高中英语新课导入的最常用的八种方法。事实上,教师根据不同课型,不同内容,不同对象,不同场合,以及不同的客观条件,可选用不同的导入方法。导入形式多种多样,不拘一格。不过,导语“虽无一定之规,但有—定之妙”。导语设计的总的原则是注意针对性、启发性、新颖性、趣味性和简洁性。其目的是新课伊始就能激发学生的学习兴趣,拨动其思维之弦,让他们以最佳的兴奋状态投入学习活动之中。