纳斯卡高原:线条和图案

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The Nazca plateau in Peru: a barren and unwelcoming landscape. But it contains one of the great mysteries of our world. The desert floor is covered with thousands of lines, geometrical figures and hundreds of pictures and spirals--like a leaf from a sketchbook. Straight lines, many kilometres long; figures hundreds of metres in length and breadth. The drawings were created by removal of the surface layer of dark stones, to reveal the lighter layer beneath. Who scraped the stones away to create these strange pictures? And what is their significance?

The lines and figures can really only be seen from the air. So for centuries people had walked the pampas without noticing a thing.

The South American continent is actually fertile. But a cold ocean current has given rise to a strip of desert along the west coast. Enclosed between the Pacific and the high mountain range of the Andes, the Nazca pampa is often veiled in mist. But the rain clouds pass it by. The land is cheerless and barren, arid as the Sahara. This view may have brought Nazca's desert figures their earliest and most resounding success.

Who created them, and what significance they had, remains a mystery.

The extreme dryness of the climate and the remote situation enabled the lines to be preserved for centuries. But today they are at risk because of mass tourism and climate change. Frequent rain is threatening to wash them away. As a unique cultural phenomenon they have meanwhile been put on UNESCO's list of world heritage sites.

秘鲁境内的纳斯卡高原是一块贫瘠而荒凉的地带,但这里蕴藏着我们世界上一处伟大的神秘景象。这片荒漠上有着数以千计的线条、几何图形和数百的图画及螺旋形线条--犹如写生簿中的一页。笔直的线条长达好多公里,图形的长宽都有几百米。为制造这些图案,深色石头的表层都被削去了,使下面较浅的一层显露出来。是谁把这些石头削掉,创造这些奇怪的图画的?它们的意义何在呢?

这些线条和图形只有从空中才能真实地看到。所以,多少个世纪以来人们走遍了这片荒原,却什么都没有发现。

南美大陆实际上是一片富饶的土地,但是一股寒冷的洋流在西海岸沿岸形成了一片狭长的荒漠。纳斯卡草原被太平洋和高耸的安第斯山脉所包围,经常云雾缭绕,但雨云却不在这里停留。这片土地荒凉而贫瘠,干旱得一如撒哈拉。或许正是这种景观给纳斯卡的荒漠图案带来了最初的极大成功。

谁创造了它们?它们的意义是什么?这些仍然是个谜。

极度干燥的气候和偏远的地理环境使这些线条得以保存了数世纪之久。但如今,大批游客的到来和气候的变化,使它们面临着危险。频繁的降雨使它们有被冲刷殆尽之虞。作为一个独特的文化现象,它们被联合国教科文组织列入了世界遗产名单。