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“因为”“希望”不相同“三点学法”来相助

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学习第四单元时,同学们可以发现,该单元的语法重点和以往所学的语法重点有点不同――主要是两组易混词组的辨异。在学习这一语法项目时,如能抓住它们的相同点、不同点和易错点,可达到巧学妙记的效果。

NO.1 because & because of

相同点:两者都有“因为、由于”的含义。

不同点:①because是连词,引导原因状语从句。这类从句往往位于句后,在强调时,也可位于句首。例如:

Peter didn’t come to school last Fridaybecause he was ill.彼德上周五没来学校,因为他病了。

Because Simon got up late,he was latefor school again.因为西蒙起晚了,他上学又迟到了。

②becauseof是介词短语,其后可接名词、代词或动名词。例如:

I waht back not beeause of the rain,butbecause I was fired.(名词)我回去不是因为下雨,而是因为我累了。

He missed the early bus because ofgetting up late this morning.(动名词)他错过早班车是因为今天早上起晚了。

Because of that,the young man didn’tsay to his fother any more.(代词)由于那件事,年轻人再也不和他的父亲讲话了。

易错点:①because和so不能同时用于一个句子里,试体会:

油耗尽了,所以灯熄了。

[误)Becallse the oil was out,so thelight went out. [正]The light went ont,because the oilwas out.

[正]The oil was ont,so the 1ight wentout.

②当主句为否定句,because从句位于句尾时,有无逗号,意义有差别。试体会:

I was not friendly to her bceause shewas lazy.我不是因为她懒惰才对她亲切。

I was not friendly to her,because shewas lazy.我对她不亲切,是因为她懒惰。

NO.2 hope & wish

相同点:①都表示“希望”。

②用作动词时都可以接不定式作宾语或接宾语从句。例如:

I hope to be a famous writer in thefuture.(不定式)我希望今后能成为一个著名的作家。

I hope that you will succeed.(从句)祝你成功。

不同点:①在hope之后的宾语从句中,谓语动词常用一般将来时或一般现在时。从意义上说,hope所表达的希望是能实现的。

We hope we will move to a large roomnext year.我们希望明年能搬到大房子去住。

②wish的宾语从句中,如表达的愿望与现在事实相反或无法实现,从句的谓语用过去式,be动词多用were;如表达的愿望与将来事实相反或难以实现,从句的谓语动词用would+动词原形。例如:

I wish I could fly to the moon now.但愿我现在能飞上月球。

I wish I were as tall as Yao Ming・但愿我和姚明一样高。

I wish the heavy rain Would stop thisafternoon!今天下午大雨要是停有多好啊!

③wish后可接双宾浯,表示“祝愿”,而hope则不能。试体会:

祝你新年快乐!

[正]I wish you a Happy New Year.

[误)I hope you a Happy New Year.

④作简略回答时,hope后接可接替代词so或not,而wish则不行。例如:

――Will it be fine tomorrow?

――I hope so.

――明天的天气会好吗?

――我希望如此。

――Will it rain tomorrow?

――I hope not.

――明天下雨吗?

――我希望不下。

易错点:hope后不能接复合宾语,即“宾语+不定式”。试体会:

我希望你和我们一起去。

[误)I hope you to go with us.

[正]I hope you can go with us.

针对练习

A)根据句意,用because或beeause of来填空。

1.Ma Bin studies hard_____he wants togo to college.

2.Peter didn’t get the first place in theexam____his carelessness(粗心).

B)根据句意,用hope或wish来填空。

1.I____I were a small bird.

2.I____I will be a soldier when I growu.,

3.I____you are well.

4.――You may pass the exam.――I____so.

5.I____you’ll be better now.

6.I____you to come here soon.

Keys:A)1.because 2.because of

B)l.wish 2.hope 3.wish

4.hope 5.hope 6.wish