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基于动态约束满足的炼钢连铸重调度算法

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摘 要:针对转炉出钢延迟的炼钢连铸重调度问题,以开工时间、加工时间以及加工机器的差异度和同一炉次相邻设备间的等待时间的差异化最小为目标建立了动态约束满足模型,提出了基于约束满足和断浇修复的重调度算法。算法通过变量和值选择规则依次对变量赋值,利用冲突识别与解消规则识别赋值过程中产生的冲突并予以解消冲突;在形成的准可行调度中,利用断浇修复启发式规则修复连铸机的断浇现象。仿真实验模拟了3组均匀分布随机产生的延迟时间量,所得目标值分别为0.15,0.28和0.51。结果表明延迟时间量的大小对目标函数值有一定影响,所提算法能够最大限度地满足生产的实时性和稳定性的需求。

关键词:调度修复;动态约束满足;重调度;炼钢连铸

中图分类号: TP399

文献标志码:A

Rescheduling algorithm for steelmaking and continuous

casting based on dynamic constraint satisfaction

HOU Dong-liang1,2,3*, LI Tie-ke1,2

1.Dongling School of Economics and Management, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;

2.Engineering Research Center of Manufacturing Execudon System Technology for Iron and Steel Production,

Ministry of Education, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;

3.Faculty of Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang Guangdong 524088, China

Abstract:

A rescheduling problem of steelmaking-continuous casting with tapping tardiness was studied in this paper. And a dynamic constraint satisfaction model was established to minimize the difference of the starting time, processing time and processing machine and waiting time of the heat between the adjacent equipment. According to this model, a local repair algorithm based on dynamic constraint satisfaction techniques and interrupted-cast repair rules was put forward. In this method, variable selection and value selection rules were used to assign one value to a variable. The conflict identification and elimination principles were used to identify and eliminate the conflicts in the assignment. The interrupted-cast repair heuristic rule was used to repair the interrupted-casts in a continuous casting machine. In this experiment, three groups of random data with a uniform distribution were generated. Target values were 0.15, 0.28 and 0.51. The results demonstrate that the size of the delay time has a certain influence on target value and the algorithm can satisfy the needs of real-time and stability as much as possible.

英文关键词 Key words:

schedule repair; dynamic constraint satisfaction; rescheduling; steelmaking and continuous casting

0 引言

在炼钢连铸生产车间,由于其生产工艺复杂,物流纵横交错,因此常常会出现各种随机扰动事件,这使得原调度方案无法按计划执行,需要在短时间内对原方案进行调整以恢复生产的可行性,并使因扰动事件引起的生产损失达到最小。而重调度的任务就是及时、合理地解决突发事件,并尽可能地减小突发事件对后续生产的影响[1]。因而研究动态环境下炼钢连铸重调度问题对提高钢铁企业生产管理水平具有重要的现实意义。

目前,对于炼钢连铸重调度算法的研究,Pang等[2-3]根据问题特征,先后提出全局修正算法以及启发式规则和遗传算法相结合的优化方法求解该问题;王秀英等[4]综合集成优化调度方法、专家系统、案例推理、人机交互等技术,研发了炼钢连铸动态调度系统;王柏琳等[5]考虑连铸机故障,采用基于约束满足的修复算法对问题进行了求解;郑忠等[6]提出时间并行顺推算法以及基于遗传算法与时间并行倒推的混合优化算法对炉次计划进行重新编排和优化;宁树实等[7]提出基于多个邻域结构和种群进化策略的进化迭代局部搜索算法用于求解该问题;Worapradya等[8]提出了机器故障和紧急工件扰动事件下的重调度策略,并用遗传算法进行了求解。

以上研究成果主要针对机器故障和紧急工件插入方面对炼钢连铸重调度问题进行了探讨和研究。但在实际生产中,转炉出钢延迟是非常重要的一类。延迟时间不同,对后续生产的影响也不同。目前,关于转炉出钢延迟的炼钢连铸重调度方面的研究相对甚少。于港等[9]建立了动态调整的线性规划数学模型并用单纯形法进行调度的局部修复,取得了一定的成效;但方案的稳定性评价指标只考虑了开工时间和加工时间偏差,而没有考虑炉次的加工机器变更的偏差。

综上所述,本文将转炉出钢延迟转化为机器能力变化的动态事件,进而将该扰动下的炼钢连铸重调度问题映射为动态约束满足问题(Dynamic Constraint Satisfaction Problem, DCSP),并建立动态约束满足模型;提出基于约束满足和断浇修复的重调度算法对其进行求解。