奥尔罕·帕慕克:跨越东西方的桥梁

开篇：润墨网以专业的文秘视角，为您筛选了一篇奥尔罕·帕慕克:跨越东西方的桥梁范文，如需获取更多写作素材，在线客服老师一对一协助。欢迎您的阅读与分享！

在2006年诺贝尔文学奖公布以前，帕慕克这个名字对于中国读者来说也许还十分陌生。其实此时的他已经是享誉国际的作家，被认为是欧洲当代最杰出的小说家之一。从去年起，这位土耳其文坛巨擘的作品被陆续介绍到中国，并在国内掀起了一股读书热潮，延续至今。以下是帕慕克获诺贝尔奖前的一篇采访记。通过这篇文章，我们不难发现东西方文明给这位作家的人生及其作品留下的不可磨灭的印记。

Who knew George W. Bush had a taste for Turkish 1)literature? Yet, there he was in Istanbul, quoting Turkey’s most famous novelist, Orhan Pamuk.

Sitting in a Greek restaurant near Carnegie Hall注1, Pamuk recalls the Bush 2)reference. “Those who prepared his speech thought it would give a bit of 3)glamour to a writer-suspect though the glamour may be!”

Glamour, at least the literary kind, is something Pamuk already 4)possessed. He has been translated into 35 languages. His sixth novel, My Name Is Red, won the world’s richest book prize, the IMPAC Dublin Literary Award注2, in 2003. It’s become 5)commonplace to speak of when, not if, he will win the Nobel Prize.

What makes Pamuk 6)unique is his ability to serve as a literary bridge between East and West.

“There must be many good writers in many, many places whose work doesn’t easily translate, because it is so 7)specific to the place,”says Ian Jack, editor of the literary 8)quarterly Granta. “Orhan is, for some reason or other, 9)accessible to us.”

Pamuk’s homeland 10)straddles Europe and Asia, something he considers valuable both to him and to it. “Turkey is made in such a way that the country’s culture is also made of two spirits,”Pamuk says, “not 11)essentially fighting with each other, but trying to find ways of 12)combining. In that sense, I’m slightly 13)schizophrenic-slightly.”

Pamuk has a great laugh that 14)gallops all over his conversation. He is eager and funny, and intellectually 15)vibrant.

“I talk and talk too much,?Pamuk says with a frown. It’s true, though, he does talk a lot "but that’s also how he writes. “Oh, I’m a hard-working, 16)obsessive type,”he says. “I go to my office. Then I stay there 10 hours. I’m working all the time. I have no holidays. Book tours? Ha! These are my holidays.”

When Pamuk speaks, the words spill out in 17)bursts. He makes faces. He 18)gesticulates.

“Orhan is a person who opens up interesting 19)vistas of discussion and debate,”says Erdag Goknar, who did the English translation of My Name Is Red.

“His intelligence, sense of 20)irony, and humor make him fun to be around. This playfulness, however, 21)alternates with a self-22)consciousness and intellectual 23)intensity that 24)verges on obsession.”

Pamuk’s own background-highly Western and 25)apolitical-could not have been more different from that of an Islamic 26)radical. His great ambition, as he grew up, was to be a painter. That urge, he 27)concedes, survives in the strongly visual bent of his writing.

“I come from a family of engineers. My grandfather made a lot of money building railroads. He died young, and, as sort of a way of honoring his memory, I was supposed to go to engineering school. None of the other professions were considered honorable. Since they realized I was also interested in these painters, someone in the family said, ‘Oh, this one won’t be an engineer but an architect.’I agreed with that right away. So I began studying, and three years after 28)enrolling in architecture school, I decided I wouldn’t be an architect or painter, but a writer. I’d been reading a lot.”

When Pamuk, a man who claims to have 16,000 books in his library, says “a lot,”he really does mean “a lot.”The authors he calls his “main guys”were Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, Thomas Mann, Faulkner, Woolf, and “perhaps”Hemingway. Later on, there were Borges注3, Calvino注4, Nabokov注5 and Proust注6.

谁能想到乔治•W•布什也热衷于土耳其文学？然而在访问伊斯坦布尔的时候，他引用了土耳其最著名的小说家奥尔罕•帕慕克的话。

帕慕克坐在卡内基大厅旁的一个希腊餐厅里，回忆着布什当时引用他话语的情形。“为他准备演讲稿的人认为这样会增加作家的魅力―尽管我们也很怀疑那会是一种什么样的魅力！”

魅力，至少是文学魅力，帕慕克已经具备了。他的作品被翻译成35种语言；他的第六部小说《我的名字叫红》，在2003年获得了全世界奖金最高的文学奖―IMPAC都柏林文学奖。现在我们可以说他什么时候会获得诺贝尔文学奖，而不是能不能得奖。

帕慕克的独特之处在于他发挥了连接东西方文学的桥梁作用。

“在世界上许多地方有很多好作家。他们的作品具有很强的地域性，不是那么容易被翻译成其它语言”，文学季刊Granta的编辑伊安•杰克说。“而奥尔罕的作品，由于某种原因，能够为我们所理解。”

帕慕克的祖国跨越欧洲和亚洲，他认为这对他和他的祖国都很重要。“正由于地理上土耳其横跨欧亚，因此在文化方面，她也对东西方精髓兼收并蓄”，帕慕克说，“在本质上，两者之间不是斗争，而是寻求相互融合。从这种意义上说，我有一点精神分裂―轻微的。”

在整个谈话过程中，帕慕克不断发出爽朗、急速的笑声。他思维敏捷，相当热情风趣。

“我一直在讲话，而且往往讲得太多，” 帕慕克皱了皱眉。是的，他的话确实很多，但这也是他的写作方式。“噢，我是那种笔耕不辍，专心致志的人”，他说。“我去办公室，一呆就是10个小时。我一直在工作，没有假期。书展？哈哈，那就是我的假期。”

帕慕克说话的时候，一个个词语不断从他嘴里蹦出来；他做鬼脸，还不时打着手势。

“奥尔罕是那种能引发有趣思考和争论的人”，埃尔达•格克纳尔（《我的名字叫红》的英文译者）说。

“他的睿智、讽刺和幽默使他成为一个有趣的人，受人欢迎。然而，伴随这种轻松诙谐而来的，是自省和思想的张力，几乎到了着魔的地步。”

帕慕克自身的背景―高度西化和不关心政治―与伊斯兰激进分子有着天壤之别。小时侯，他的远大理想是成为一位画家。他承认，这个强烈的愿望在其带有异常视觉化倾向的写作风格中保留了下来。

“我来自一个工程师之家。我的祖父靠修建铁路赚了不少钱。他很年轻就去世了，为了纪念他，我本应去读工程学校。其它职业都被认为是不高尚的。当家里人发现我对绘画也感兴趣的时候，就有人说：‘噢，这个人将成为一名建筑师而不是工程师。’我马上就认定了这句话，于是开始学习。 在建筑学校呆了三年后，我决定当一名作家，而不是建筑师或画家。那时我已经看了很多书。”

作为一个声称自己藏书达16000册的人来说，帕慕克说“读了很多书”，那就真的“读了很多书”。他说他“主要的伙伴”是托尔斯泰、陀思妥耶夫斯基、托马斯•曼、福克纳、伍尔夫，“也许还有”海明威。而后是博尔赫斯、卡尔维诺、纳博科夫和普鲁斯特。

Review on My Name Is Red

书评：《我的名字叫红》

“[In this] magnificent[宏伟的] new novel……amuk takes the reader into the strange and beautiful world of Islamic art, in which Western notions no longer make sense……In this world of forgeries[伪造物], where some might be in danger of losing their faith in literature, Pamuk is the real thing, and this book might well be one of the few recent works of fiction that will be remembered at the end of this century.”

“[通过]这部全新的宏伟的小说……帕慕克把读者带入了奇特、美丽的伊斯兰艺术世界；在这里，西方的观念不再发挥作用……在这个充满赝品的世界，一些人也许面临对文学丧失信仰的危机，而帕慕克是货真价实的。毫无疑问，这部作品将会和最近为数不多的小说一起，直到世纪末仍能为人传诵。”

-Avkar Altinel, The Observer, UK 阿维卡•阿尔特内尔，英国《观察家报》