Practical Evaluation of Solar Irradiance Effect on PV Performance

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Abstract

The sun radiation has very important effect on the performance of photovoltaic （pv） solar modules due to its variation from time to time. In this paper， the performance of Solara？-130 PV module will be evaluated practically by using the solar model tester （SMT）. The existing SMT can generate variable solar irradiance from 100 w/m2 up to 1050w/m2. The I-V and P-V curves are plotted automatically via software controlling program on the SMT. Different parameters are obtained from the SMT like： VOC， ISC，Vpm， Ipm， Rs， Rsh and fill factor. The results can be used for plotting the relation between the solar irradiances （G） and the corresponding short circuit currents （ISC）， then the relation between G-I can be used for measuring the solar irradiance based on the short circuit current in that curve， which means instead of using the PV module for generating electricity， it can be used for measuring the sun radiation instead of using the Pyranometer device.

Key words： Solar model tester； Solara？-130； Pyranometer； Solar irradiance； RERC

INTRODUCTION

An enormous interest to utilize renewable sources of energy such as solar energy has been increased in the resent years due to the massive consumption and exhaustion of fossil fuel. Photovoltaic power is an established technology and has recently experienced rapid growth over the last ten years （Xiao， Ozog， & Dunford， 2007）. A solar cell basically is made by a p-n semiconductor junction and when exposed to light， a dc current is generated. PVs offer several advantages such as： high reliability， low maintenance cost， no environmental pollution， and absence of noise （Patel， 2008）. Solar energy accounts for most of the usable renewable energy on earth， solar energy falls on the surface of the earth at a rate of 120 petawatts. This means all the solar energy received from the sun in one days can satisfied the whole world’s demand for more than 20 years （Review and comparison.， 2011）. The amount of sunlight received by any surface on earth will depend on several factors including； geographical location， season， local landscape， time of the day and local weather. The light’s angle of incidence on a given surface will depend on the orientation since the Earth’s surface is round and the intensity will depend on the distance that the light has to travel to reach the respective surface. The radiation received by a surface will have two components one which is direct and will depend on the distance the rays travel （air mass） while the other component is called diffuse radiation （Gwinyai， 2008）. Solar energy systems have emerged as a viable source of renewable energy over the past two or three decades， and are now widely used for a variety of industrial and domestic applications. Such systems are based on a solar collector， designed to collect the sun’s energy and to convert it into either electrical power or thermal energy. The literature contains many studies regarding the use of solar collectors to implement such applications as light fixtures， window covering systems， cookers， and other applications （Adams & Day， 1876； Chapin， Fuller， & Pearson， 1954； Carlson & Wronski， 1976）. In fact， nowadays， solar PV provides around 4800GW. Between 2004 and 2009， grid connected PV capacity reached 21GW and was increasing at an annual average rate of 60% （Renewable Energy Policy.， 2010）.

CONCLUSION

A practical simulation of sun radiation effect on the output performance of photovoltaic module was introduced in this paper. The results show that the sun radiation plays an important rule on the output of photovoltaic module. A solar module tester was used for generating different values of solar irradiance. The output of PV module increases as the simulated sun radiation increases. The PV module can be used for measuring the sun radiation based on G-I curve introduced in this paper. Different parameters were extracted automatically by using the solar module tester and they played an important rule for evaluating the PV module.

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