现在完成时常见考查点归纳
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现在完成时是初中英语学习的重点之一，也是各地中考必考内容之一。本文以2006年中考试题为例，将现在完成时的常见考查点进行归纳。
一、考查现在完成时的构成
[考查点归纳]
现在完成时由“助动词have / has +动词的过去分词” 构成，其被动语态为“have / has been +动词的过去分词”。
[中考真题]
1. ―Kitty, will you go to see the film Gold Mountain this evening?
―No, I won’t. I _____ it already.
A. sawB. have seen
C. see D. will see
（江苏省南京市）
2. China’s sport stars Yao Ming and Liu Xiang _____ Goodwill Ambassadors（亲善大使）for Shanghai.
A. has been namedB. have been named
C. has named D. have named
（江苏省徐州市）
二、考查现在完成时的用法
[考查点归纳]
现在完成时可表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响，也可表示开始于过去某一时刻，且一直持续到现在的动作或状态，该动作或状态可能已经结束，也可能尚未结束，还将持续下去。
[中考真题]
3. ―Do you want to see the film Harry Potter Ⅱ?
―The film Harry Potter Ⅱ? I _____ it. It’s really wonderful.
A. seeB. have seen
C. was seeingD. had seen
（浙江省温州市）
4. ―How long _____ you _____ here?
―For about two years so far.
A. have, studiedB. did, live
C. do, stay D. were, swimming
（河南省）
三、考查与现在完成时连用的时间状语
[考查点归纳]
与现在完成时连用的时间状语主要有四类：①yet, already, just, before, never, ever, recently等表示时间的副词；②this morning, this week, today, now等包括现在时间在内的词或词组；③for连接的表示一段时间的词组；④since连接的表示过去某一时刻的词、词组或时间状语从句。需要注意的是，since引导的状语从句中的谓语动词要用一般过去时。
[中考真题]
5. My father _____ on business for two weeks. He’ll return in 3 days.
A. leftB. has left
C. has goneD. has been
（河北省）
6. ―You are leaving your school. How do you like it?
―Very much, of course. I _____ this school since I moved here.
A. came to B. have gone to
C. have been atD. have been to
（湖北省黄冈市）
7. I have known the writer for several years. I am reading his latest book, but I _____ it yet.
A. have finished B. hadn’t finished
C. am not finishingD. haven’t finished
（江苏省宿迁市）
8. The World Without Thieves is a very moving film. I _____ it twice already.
A. will seeB. see
C. saw D. have seen
（陕西省）
四、考查延续性动词与非延续性动词的用法
[考查点归纳]
现在完成时与表示一段时间的状语连用，表示某一动作从过去某一时刻开始一直持续至现在，这时，应注意句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，而不能是非延续性动词。
非延续性动词与表示一段时间的状语连用时，可采用以下三种方法：①将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词，如， come be here, go be there, die be dead, borrow keep, buy have, join be in（be a ... member）, leave be away等；②将表示一段时间的状语改为表示一点时间的状语，并用一般过去时代替现在完成时；③用句型“It is +一段时间+ since +从句”表示，从句中的谓语动词用非延续性动词的一般过去时。
[中考真题]
9. ―They say there’s a new restaurant nearby.
―Yes, and it _____ for no more than a week.
A. has been open B. opens
C. is opening D. is opened
（河南省）
10. ―How long have you _____ China?
―For three years.
A. come back B. returned
C. leftD. been away from
（山东省莱芜市）
11. It _____ ten years since we last _____ in Beijing.
A. was, met B. has been, met
C. was, meetD. is, meet
（河北省）
五、考查have / has gone to, have / has been to和have / has been in的区别
[考查点归纳]
have / has gone to意为“到某地去了”，可能在途中，也可能已经到达了目的地；have / has been to意为“去过某地”，现在已经回来了；have / has been in意为“在某地停留了（多久）”，常常与表示一段时间的状语连用。
[中考真题]
12. ―The Blacks have _____ the Phoenix Island（凤凰岛）.
―Oh, really? I have never _____ there before.
A. gone to, been to
B. been to, gone to
C. gone to, been
D. gone, been to
（江苏省扬州市）
13. ―Why is your brother’s English so good?
―Because he _____ New York for six years.
A. has come to B. has been in
C. has gone toD. has been to
（福建省福州市）
Keys:
1. B2. B3. B 4. A 5. D 6. C7. D 8. D 9. A10. D11. B12.C13. B