《蒙娜丽莎》被盗当天
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翻译：洪馥芝
The Day the Mona Lisa Was Stolen
On Tuesday, August 22, 1911, Louis Beoud, a Parisian artist who made his living by copying famous paintings for the tourists, walked into the Louvre and went to the Salon Carre注1 where the Mona Lisa had been on display for five years. But on the wall where the Mona Lisa used to hang, sat only four iron 1)pegs.
In fact, on Monday morning, many museum employees noticed that the painting was not hanging in its usual place, but they 2)assumed the painting was taken off the wall by the museum photographer who was shooting pictures of it up in his studio.
By Tuesday morning, when the painting hadn’t been returned and it was not in the photographer’s studio, museum officials were 3)notified. The painting was gone!
The police were 4)contacted immediately and they set up headquarters in the museum 5)curator’s office. The entire museum was searched from top to bottom. This took a week because of the size of the Lourve: it’s a 49-acre building. The only thing found was the heavy frame that once held the Mona Lisa. It was discovered in a staircase leading to a 6)cloakroom.
Once the news became public, French newspapers made several claims as to the nature of the theft. One newspaper 7)proclaimed that an American collector stole the work and would have an exact copy made which would be returned to the museum. This Aollectorwould then keep the 8)original. Another newspaper said that the entire 9)incident was a 10)hoax to show how easy it was to steal from the Louvre.
Many people were questioned about the theft, from museum employees to people who worked or lived nearby. The police even questioned Pablo Picasso. Picasso had 11)previously bought two stone sculptures from a friend named Pieret. Pieret had actually stolen these pieces from the Louvre months before the Mona Lisa was stolen. Picasso thought that perhaps his friend might have also stolen the Mona Lisa.
Fearful of the 12)implications and bad 13)publicity, Picasso had the sculptures given to a local newspaper in order for their return to the museum. Picasso wished to remain 14)anonymous, but someone gave his name to the police. After an 15)interrogation, the police 16)concluded that Picasso knew nothing about the theft of the Mona Lisa.
Luckily, the painting was recovered 27 months after it was stolen. An Italian man named Vincenzo Perugia tried to sell the work to the Uffizi Gallery注2 in Florence, Italy. Perugia claimed he stole the work out of 17)patriotism. He didn’t think such a work by a famous Italian should be kept in France. What Perugia didn’t realize was that while the Mona Lisa was probably painted in Italy, Leonardo took it with him to France and sold it to King Francis I for 4,000 gold coins.
How did Perugia steal the Mona Lisa? He had spent Sunday night in the Louvre, hiding in an 18)obscure little room. Monday morning, while the museum was closed, he entered the room where the painting was kept and19)unhooked it from the wall. In a staircase, he cut the painting from it’s frame. While trying to leave the building, he came to a locked door. He 20)unscrewed the doorknob and put it in his pocket. He then walked out of the Louvre and into the pages of history.
Interestingly enough, ten months before the painting was stolen, the Louvre decided to have all masterpieces put under glass. Perugia was one of four men 21)assigned to the job. Police questioned Perugia after the theft, but his calm 22)demeanor settled any doubts of his 23)involvement.
The public went wild at the news of finding the Mona Lisa. The painting was displayed through the major cities of her homeland, including Rome and Milan, where thousands of Italians crowded into the museums for a last good-bye.
The painting was returned to France on December 30, 1913.
1911年8月22日星期二，以为游客临摹名画为生的巴黎艺术家路易・贝何德走进了卢浮宫内的方形大厅―过去五年里《蒙娜丽莎》就收藏于此，向公众展示。然而过去挂着《蒙娜丽莎》的地方此时却只剩下四根铁钉。
事实上，在星期一早上，很多博物馆的雇员都注意到这幅画不在原处了，但他们以为是馆内的摄影师把它取下来，拿到他的工作室里给它拍照。
直至星期二早上，当人们发现这幅画还没放回原位，也不在摄影师的工作室里的时候，博物馆的官员才接到通报―这幅画被盗了！
警方立即接到报告，并在博物馆馆长办公室里设立了总部。整个博物馆被从头到尾搜了个遍。这花了整整一周的时间，因为卢浮宫实在太大了―占地面积达49英亩（约198300平方米）。最后他们在通往衣帽间的一个楼梯里找到了曾经装裱《蒙娜丽莎》的那个沉重的画框―这是他们唯一找到的东西。
消息一公诸于众，法国报纸立刻对该起盗窃案的性质提出了几种意见。有一家报纸称是一个美国收藏家偷了这幅画，并且会请人仿造一幅逼真的赝品，将这幅赝品归还卢浮宫，而这位“收藏家”则把原作据为己有。另一家报纸则称这整起事件只是一出恶作剧，意在显示从卢浮宫盗窃是多么容易。
许多人都受到针对这宗盗窃案的审问，包括博物馆的雇员及在附近工作或生活的人。警方甚至还审问了巴勃罗・毕加索。他曾经从一位名为皮尔赫特的朋友处购买了两座石雕，而这两座雕像其实是皮尔赫特从卢浮宫偷出来的，事情就发生在《蒙娜丽莎》被盗前几个月。毕加索认为他的朋友有可能盗走了《蒙娜丽莎》。
毕加索担心此事会为他带来不良影响，损害其公众形象，所以已将两座雕像交给当地一家报纸，让他们代为归还。毕加索不想公开自己的姓名，但有人把他的名字透露给了警方。经过审问，警方确定毕加索对《蒙娜丽莎》失窃一事一无所知。
幸运的是，这幅名画在失窃27个月后终于重新露面。一个名叫文森左・佩鲁贾的意大利人试图把这幅艺术品卖给意大利佛罗伦萨的乌菲兹美术馆。佩鲁贾称他是出于爱国心而盗窃这幅名画的。他认为这样一幅出自著名意大利艺术家之手的杰作不应该由法国来收藏。然而佩鲁贾不知道，虽然《蒙娜丽莎》是在意大利完成的，但达・芬奇把它带到了法国，并把它以四千金币的价格卖给了弗朗西斯一世。
佩鲁贾是如何盗走《蒙娜丽莎》的呢？他整个星期天晚上都待在卢浮宫里，躲在一间不起眼的小房间内。星期一早上趁博物馆不对外开放，他潜入收藏该画的房间，从墙上取下了这幅画。随后他在楼梯里把画从画框里割下来。离开博物馆大楼的时候，他遇到一扇锁住的门。他拧开门把手并把它装进衣袋，然后径直走出了卢浮宫，也从此走入了历史的一页。
有趣的是，在《蒙娜丽莎》被盗前十个月，卢浮宫决定为所有名作镶上玻璃。佩鲁贾就是受命负责此项工作的四个人中的一个。警方在案发后曾审问佩鲁贾，但他镇定自若，因此根本没被怀疑。
得知重获《蒙娜丽莎》的消息后，民众疯狂雀跃。这幅画在其家乡意大利的主要城市进行巡回展出，包括罗马和米兰，当地数以千计的人涌入博物馆一览其芳容，以作最后的告别。
1913年12月30日，此画重返法国。
你知道吗？
《蒙娜丽莎》是莱昂纳多・达・芬奇于1503－1506年间创作的作品。今天，它被认为是世界上最著名的一幅油画，是吸引游客前往法国巴黎卢浮宫的一颗顶级明珠。以下是关于此画的一些不太为人所知的情况：
大小为77×53厘米。
以油画颜料画于一面白杨木画板上。
从16世纪初以来一直是法国皇室的收藏品。弗朗西斯一世邀请达・芬奇到法国居住。在他应邀到法国后，弗朗西斯一世向他购买了这幅画。
它的法语和意大利语的名字分别是“La Joconde”和“La Gioconda”。在意大利语中，“Gioconda”也指“无忧无虑的妇人”。
虽然“蒙娜丽莎”的真实身份仍是一个谜，但大部分专家相信她是16世纪一位佛罗伦萨商人弗朗西斯科・德・焦孔多的妻子，是他委托达・芬奇画这幅肖像画的。
《蒙娜丽莎》现在装在一个398×248厘米的三层玻璃箱里，此玻璃箱是1974年日本迎接此画来日之旅时的赠礼。那是此画最后一次离开卢浮宫。
这个玻璃箱有内置空调，并装有9磅硅胶，使之保持华氏68度（20℃）的恒温及55%的湿度。
《蒙娜丽莎》每年都要接受一次检查，此时会打开装着画的玻璃箱，检查箱内的气候情况及油画的状况。
Did you know?
The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo da Vinci between the years 1503-1506. Today, it is the top attraction of visitors to the Louvre Museum in Paris, France. While it is considered to be the world’s most famous painting, here are a few facts that most people don’t know:
It measures 77 by 53cm in size.
It is painted with oils on a 24)poplar 25)panel.
It has been a part of France’s 26)royal collection since the early 16th century. King Francis I bought the painting from Leonardo after the artist accepted his invitation to live in France.
It is also called “La Joconde” in French and “La Gioconda”in Italian. “Ｇioconda” also means 27)“Ｇlight-hearted woman”in Italian.
Although the true 28)identity of the Mona Lisa remains a 29)mystery, most experts believe it is the wife of a 16th-century Florentine businessman, Francesco del Giocondo, who 30)commissioned the portrait.
The Mona Lisa is 31)encased in a 398 by 248cm box of 32)triplex glass, a gift from the Japanese on the occasion of the painting’s 1974 trip to Japan the last time it left the museum.
This box is kept at a 33)constant 68 degrees Fahrenheit (20) and 55% v34)humidity which is maintained by a built-in air conditioner and nine pounds of 35)silica gel.
Once a year, the Mona Lisa receives a check-up in which the box surrounding it is opened and the climatic conditions as well as the painting’s condition are examined.
注1：方形大厅是卢浮宫的一个大厅，现陈列着12到15世纪意大利画家的画作。
注2：乌菲兹美术馆是意大利首屈一指的美术馆，收藏了大量意大利文艺复兴时期的艺术珍品，以及来自荷兰、西班牙、德国等各地艺术家的杰作。