完形解题笔笔通
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完型填空题是集词语辨析、词的用法以及搭配、语法、单句理解、语篇理解的考查为一体的综合题，出于短文被挖去一些词，造成信息的中断，同学们做题时，必然会出现思维断层现象。从历年的得分率来看，它的平均得分率是各题型中较低的。因此笔者结合多年的教学实际，来谈谈完形填空的基本应试技巧。
题型分析
完形填空所选的短文长度在250个词以内，难度并不大，但涉及的范围很广，包括社会、经济、文化、教育、科普知识、历史、地理、日常生活以及人物故事。文体多以记叙文为主，但近年的考题有向议论文发展的趋势；考查内容集中在考生对名词、动词、形容词和副词等实词的理解上。
答题要领
1. 通读全文，抓主旨脉络，特别注意首尾句。文章都有中心议题和中心内容。快速通读全文，才能全局在胸，理清思路；抓住主线，才能使思维朝着正确的方向发展。在阅读中要特别注意提示句，尽量记忆关键词、句，力求把文章内容串连起来并在脑海中形成一个完整的图像。
2. 逐句分析，各个击破。用平时积累的英语语法和语言知识，根据文中语义、惯用搭配、文中前后逻辑以及常识进行客观推测，务必克服平时的思维定式。在选择答案的过程中，要先易后难；对少数难题，可暂定答案，在复读全文后再加以分析推敲。
3. 瞻前顾后，寻觅启示信息。启示信息有以下几个方面：首句提供的信息；通读全文获得的信息；已补充完整句子提供的信息；后文提供的信息；平时积累的常识和背景知识提供的信息。对上述信息，要全面考虑，寻找启示，作出选择。
4. 复读全文，代入验证。力求从旁观者的角度清醒地重新审视文章，从整体角度核校答案，进一步加深对文章的理解。要根据文章的中心思想与各段落之间、前后句之间的内在逻辑关系，检查文章的整体性；也可以从语法、词义、惯用法、固定搭配、背景知识等方面进一步验证和修改答案。
答题方法
1. 语境推测法
做题时，要从整体上把握文章内容，区分文章的结构层次和文章的内在逻辑关系，同时认真比较所给选项，并从中选出最符合语境的答案。例如:
After the birth of my second child, I got a job at a restaurant. Having worked with an experienced ________for a few days. I was allowed to wait tables on my own.
A. managerB. assistant
C. cookD. waitress
根据前文中的a job at a restaurant和后面的to wait tables on my own我们可以推断出正确答案应该是waitress 女服务员。
2. 语法分析法
遇到疑难复杂的句子时，可借助语法分析来帮助理解句子、推测语境、判断搭配等。充分利用所学语法知识进行分析处理，能避免因理解上的差错而选错答案。 例如：
It was raining. I went into a cafe and asked for a coffee.__________ I was waiting for my drink, I realized there were other people in the place….
A. BeforeB. Although
C. whileD. Since
根据语法规则,此处是个时间壮语从句,并且表示一段时间,我们就不难选出while了。
3. 常识推断法
即根据已掌握的历史背景、文化知识、风俗习惯及生活常识等来选择正确答案。例如：
The mother was holding their baby daughter, Ally. The little girl had some food stuck in her throat, and could hardly breathe. Mr. White drove them to__________ .The ambulance was running very fast along the road.
A. the best hospital
B. the biggest hospital
C. the nearest hospital
D. the children’s hospital
我们根据自己的生活常识，当紧急情况发生时，像文中提到的小孩的喉咙里卡住了食物，甚至不能呼吸，我们要把病人第一时间送到医院，所以the nearest hospital最合适。
4. 习语搭配法
英语中，一些固定的句型和短语结构是完形填空的常考考点。做题时应注意所填空之词与空格前后词语的习惯搭配。 例如：
There are many different ways of seeing a town for the first time. One of them is to walk around it, guide-book__________ hand.
A. inB. from
C. byD. on
根据英语的习惯搭配，“手里拿着……”我们可以用sth. in hand。
Is all this pressure necessary? I__________up leaving the football team, four other girls did the same, and two of them stopped playing football completely.
A. gaveB. kept
C. endedD. picked
end up doing sth. 固定短语，意思为“以……而告终”。
此外，我们还可以用错误排除法对选项逐项分析比较，排除干扰项，从而确定正确答案。做题时应先易后难，顺着文章思路，根据自己对文章的理解，一边读一边把容易做的、有把握的先做好，减少文章空格，整篇文章的意思也就会变得更清晰，这时难题也许就会变为易题了。
实践演练
It was a normal summer night. humidity(潮湿) hung in the thick air. The only sound was my sister’s heavy 1 from the bed next to me.
I couldn’t go to 2 , partly because of my cold and partly because of my 3 for the next day. My mum had said that tomorrow was going to be a 4 .
Sweat stuck to my aching body. Finally, I gathered enough 5 to sit up. I looked out of my small window into the night. There was a big bright 6 hanging in the sky, giving off a magic glow.
My sister turned over as though she was as light as air. Why could she sleep soundly? Why wasn’t she 7 too? Did she know about tomorrow?
I couldn’t stand the 8 anymore, so I did what I always do to make myself feel better. I went to the
9 and picked up my toothbrush and toothpaste. Pouring the red paste onto the brush, I cleaned back and forth, up and down.
Then I walked downstairs to look for some 10 of movement, some life. Gladiator, my cat, 11 me as he meowed(猫叫)his sad song. He was on the old orange couch, 12 on his front legs, waiting for something to happen. He looked at me as if to say, “I’m 13 , pet me. I need a good hug.” Even the couch begged me to sit on it.
In one movement I settled down onto the soft couch. This couch 14 my birth, my parents’ marriage, and hundreds of other little 15 .
As I held Gladiator, my heart started beating heavily. My mind was 16 with questions: What’s life? Am I really alive? Are you listening to me? Every time I moved my hand down Gladiator’s body, I had a 17 thought; each touch sang a different song.
I forgot all about the 18 and the next day’s surprise. The 19 was so full of warmth and silence that I sank into its arms. Falling asleep with the big cat in my arms, I felt all my worries 20 move away.
巩固练习
1. A. murmuringB. breathing
C. cryingD. thinking
2. A. sleepB. work
C. studyD. rest
3. A. worriesB. plans
C. arrangementsD. expectations
4. A. surpriseB. hope
C. successD. failure
5. A. energyB. ideas
C. strengthD. stamps
6. A. cloudB. star
C. sunD. moon
7. A. worryingB. sweating
C. sleepingD. speaking
8. A. silenceB. cold
C. pressureD. pain
9. A. bedroomB. kitchen
C. bathroomD. waiting-room
10. A. sightsB. signs
C. signalsD. notices
11. A. interestedB. pleased
C. remindedD. frightened
12. A. standing upB. keeping up
C. sitting downD. sitting up
13. A. lonelyB. lovely
C. friendlyD. lively
14. A. provedB. represented
C. helpedD. attended
15. A. peopleB. animals
C. eventsD. pets
16. A. floodedB. troubled
C. satisfiedD. knocked
17. A. strangeB. difficult
C. newD. noble
18. A. coldB. mind
C. timeD. heat
19. A. familyB. atmosphere
C. heartD. bed
20. A. completelyB. slowly
C. suddenlyD. partly
参考答案
1-5 BADAC
6-10 DBCCB
11-15 DDABC
16-20 ACDBB
（作者：周文兰，无锡市辅仁高级中学）