首页 > 范文大全 > 正文

这个非谓语“不简单”(二)

开篇:润墨网以专业的文秘视角,为您筛选了一篇这个非谓语“不简单”(二)范文,如需获取更多写作素材,在线客服老师一对一协助。欢迎您的阅读与分享!

上一期,我们为大家介绍了不定式做非谓语的用法。本期我们继续为大家讲述这个“不简单“的非谓语

二、 ?ing分词的用法

1. ?ing分词的构成:

-ing分词的形式一般是由动词原形加-ing构成。

2. ?ing分词的形式

(1) 一般式:

例如:Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。

(2) 被动式:

例如:He attended the meeting without being invited. 他未被邀请就来参加会议。

(3) 完成式:

例如:I remembered having seen the novel. 我记得看过这本小说。

(4) 完成被动式:

例如:He forgot having been taken to America when he was seven. 他忘记七岁时曾被带到美国去过。

(5) 否定式:not + 动名词

例如:He regret not following his English teacher’s advice. 他后悔没听他的英语老师的劝告。

(6) 复合结构:物主代词(或名词所有格)+ 动名词

例如:He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。

The manager’s not knowing English troubled her a lot. 经理不懂英语给她带来许多麻烦。

3. ?ing分词的句法功能

?ing分词又分为动名词及现在分词。

(1) 动名词的句法功能:

① 做主语:

例如:Reading aloud in the morning is very helpful. 早上大声阅读是很有好处的。

当动名词短语做主语时常用it做形式主语。

例如:It’s no use quarrelling with him. 和他争吵是没用的。

② 做表语:

例如:In the hospital, the nurse’s job is attending patients. 在医院,护士的工作是照顾病人。

③ 做宾语:

动名词既可做动词宾语也可做介词宾语。

例如:They haven’t finished building the school. 他们还没有建好那所学校。

People here have to prevent the air from being polluted. 这儿的人们不得不阻止空气被污染。

此外,动名词做宾语时,若后有宾语补足语,则常用形式宾语it。

例如:We found it no good making fun of the disabled. 我们发现取笑残疾人不好。

下列动词及短语后只跟动名词做宾语: resist(抵抗),mind(介意),suggest(建议),delay(推迟),keep(on) (保持),look forward to(期昐),enjoy(喜欢),include(包括),appreciate(欣赏),imagine(想象),practise(实践),finish(完成),consider(考虑),can’t help(不禁),miss(错过)等。

这些动词及短语可使用口诀来记忆:抗议(意)推辞(迟)昐喜报,心(欣)想事(实)成考不错。

④ 做定语:

例如:The old lady can’t walk without a walking stick. 那位老太太没有拐杖不能走路。

⑤ 做同位语:

例如:The cave, their hiding?place in the war is secret. 他们战时藏身的那个山洞很秘密。

(2) 现在分词的句法功能:

① 做定语:

现在分词做定语:单独使用时,放在所修饰的名词前;分词短语做定语放在名词后。

例如:In the following years the couples lived happily. 在后来的几年中,那对夫妇生活得很快乐。

The man speaking to my mother is our head teacher. 正与我母亲谈话的那个人是我们的班主任。

现在分词做定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能,例如:in the following years也可用in the years that followed; the man speaking to my mother可改为the man who is speaking to my mother。

② 做表语:

例如:The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家电影院上映的电影很棒。

③ 做宾语补足语:

watch, see, look at, notice, let, make, listen, hear, have, feel等动词后可跟现在分词做宾语补足语。

例如: Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗?

④ 做状语:

例如:(While) Working in the factory, she was an advanced worker. 在工厂工作时,她是一名先进工人。(时间状语)

Being a party member, the young man is always helping others. 作为一名党员,小伙子经常帮助别人。(原因状语)

I stayed at home on Sundays, cleaning and washing. 每到星期天我呆在家里,又擦又洗。(方式状语)

(If) Playing all day, you will fail in the exam. 要是整天玩,你就会考试不及格。(条件状语)

He dropped his glasses, breaking it into pieces. 他把眼镜掉了,摔成碎片。(结果状语)

⑤ 与逻辑主语构成独立主格:

Time permitting, we’ll do another two exercises. 如果时间允许,我们将做另两个练习。

有时也可用“with的复合结构”,即with (without) +名词(代词宾格)+分词形式。

例如:With the lights burning, he left his room. 点着灯,他离开了他的房间。

⑥ 做独立成分:

例如:Judging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor. 从外表看,他一定是个演员。

Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般说来,女孩子更细心。

三、 ?ed分词(过去分词)

1. ?ed分词的构成

?ed分词的构成分为两种情况,规则动词及不规则动词。不规则动词详见不规则动词表。

2. ?ed分词(过去分词)的句法功能:

(1) 做定语:单独使用时,放在所修饰的名词前;分词短语做定语放在名词后。

例如:Our class will go on an organized trip next term. 下学期我们班将开展一次有组织的旅行。

The man elected as president will make a speech at the meeting. 当选为总统的人将在这次会上作演讲。

如果是单个的过去分词,一般用于名词前,如果是过去分词短语,就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。

2. 做表语:

例如:All the windows of the building are broken. 大楼里所有的窗户都破了。

注意:be + 过去分词,可以表示状态,是系表结构;也可以表示被动的动作,是被动语态。区别:

All the windows of the building are broken. (系表结构)

All the windows of the building are broken by the boys. (被动语态)

有些不及物动词(如:gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等)的过去分词不表示被动,只表示完成。例如:boiled water 开水;fallen leaves 落叶;newly arrived goods 新到的货;the risen sun 升起的太阳。

3. 做宾语补足语:

例如:I heard the pop song sung several times by my sister. 我听到这首歌被我姐姐唱了好几次。

过去分词有时还做with短语中的宾语补足语,例如:With the homework done, these children went out to play basketball. 家庭作业做完了,这些孩子们出去打篮球了。

4. 做状语:

例如:Praised by his teacher, the boy felt very proud. 受到老师的表扬,男孩感到非常的骄傲。(表示原因)

Once seen, it can never be forgotten. 一旦被看见,人们就忘不了它。(表示时间)

Given more time, I’ll be able to do it better. 如果给予更多的时间,我能做得更好。(表示条件)

Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy. 虽然被告之有危险,他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。(表示让步)

[即学即练]

1. All her time ________ experiments, the professor has no time for entertainment.

A. devoted to do

B. devoted to doing

C. devoting to doing

D. is devoted to doing

2. The boy student ran as fast as he could ________ to catch the train.

A. to hope B. hope

C. hoping D. hoped

3. Anyone _________ a big bag on the back was stopped by the police.

A. seen carry B. seen carrying

C. saw to carry D. saw carrying

4. Bob is said _______ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in now.

A. to have studied

B. to study

C. to be studying

D. to have been studying

5. Hearing the news, the naughty boy rushed out, ______ the book ______ on the desk and disappeared in the dark.

A. left; lain open

B. leaving; lying open

C. leaving; lie opened

D. left; lay opened