聚焦动词时态

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动词表示动作或状态，在句子中居于一个核心的位置。它的用法在英语语法中最为复杂，涉及的方面最多，特别是在时态上。因此，动词的时态成为历届各地中考试题命题的热点和重点，属于必考的语法项目。下面结合一些中考题，把初中阶段涉及到的时态考点作简要的总结和归纳。

一、一般现在时

【链接中考】

1. Although Bill isn’t rich enough, he often _____ money to the poor. (2011年山东省)

A. will give B. was giving

C. gives D. gave

2. Betty will ring me up when she _____

in Beijing. (2011年重庆市)

A. arrive B. arrives

C. arrived D. will arrive

3. ―Can your father drive?

―Yes, and he _____ to work every day. (2011年湖北襄阳)

A. is driving B. drove

C. drives D. has driven

4. Now my father _____ his bike to work every day instead of driving. (2011年上海市)

A. ride B. rode

C. rides D. will ride

5. This girl is ready to help people at any time. When she is on the bus, she always _____ her seat to someone in need. (2011年四川绵阳)

A. gives B. give

C. gave D. giving

【要点解读】

1. 构成：be动词在一般现在时中用am, is, are; 若实义动词前主语是第一、第二人称和第三人称复数，则用动词原形，若主语是第三人称单数（he, she, it），则动词用第三人称单数形式，在原形后加-s或-es。

2. 用法：

（1）一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作。常与always, usually, often, sometimes, every morning(day, week, month, year…), once a day, on Sundays等时间状语连用。例如：

Jack often goes to work at eight o’clock in the morning.

杰克经常在上午八点钟去上班。

（2）表示客观事实或普遍真理用一般现在时。例如：

The teacher told us the sun is bigger than the earth.

老师告诉我们太阳比地球大。

（3） 一般现在时表示现在存在的状态，或者主语的特征。经常用到的动词有: be, look, feel, sound, smell, get, turn等。例如：

When spring comes, it gets warmer and warmer.

当春天来的时候，天气越来越暖和。

（4）一般现在时可用来表示按规定、计划将要做的事或发生的动作，句中常有表示将来时间的状语。这类动词（组）如: come, go, begin, start, return, take place等。例如：

The final exam takes place next month.

期末考试将在下个月举行。

（5）在时间、条件等状语从句中，如果主句谓语动词是将来时，从句谓语动词则常用一般现在时。例如：

We’ll go there if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.

如果明天不下雨，我们将要去那儿。

二、一般过去时

【链接中考】

6. ―How was your trip to Hangzhou, Jim?

―Great! We _____ to Xixi National Wetland Park. (2011年浙江湖州)

A. go B. am going

C. will go D. went

7. I called you, but nobody answered. Where _____ you? (2011年重庆市)

A. is B. are C. was D. were

8. ―When _____ your mother _____ you that blue dress, Lucy?

―Sorry, I really can’t remember. Maybe two or three weeks ago. (2011年四川乐山)

A. will， buy B. does，buy C. did，buy

9. The last time I _____to the cinema was two years ago. (2011年浙江杭州)

A. go B. have gone

C. have been D. went

10. ―What did Mr Smith do before he came to China?

―He _____ in a car factory. (2011年山东省)

A. works B. worked

C. is working D. will work

【要点解读】

1. 构成：动词be在一般过去时中，若主语是I 和第三人称单数(he, she, it)时用was, 其它的人称用were; 若是实义动词，则用过去式表示。

2. 用法：

（1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态。常与yesterday, the day before yesterday, … ago, last week（year, month…), in 2008, just now, once upon a time, the other day等表示过去的时间状语连用。例如：

The Smiths went to Jinan one month ago.

史密斯一家一个月前去了济南。

（2）表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作或行为。例如：

She often came to take care of her mother last year.

去年她经常来照顾她的母亲。

（3）由连词when, while, before, not… until, after等引导的表示过去时间的状语从句常用过去时。例如：

The children didn’t stop making noise until the teacher came in the classroom.

直到老师来到教室，孩子们才停止吵闹。

（4）有些情况和事件，发生的时间不很清楚，但依据具体的语境应该已经发生，此时应用过去时态。例如：

―Excuse me, sir. This is a non-smoking room.

―Oh, sorry. I didn’t see the sign.

――打扰了，先生。这是非吸烟室。

――哦，对不起。我没有看到标志。

（5）含since引导的状语从句的复合句中，主句谓语动词用现在完成时，从句谓语动词则用一般过去时。例如：

He has lived there since he went to Beijing last year.

自从去年他去了北京，他一直住在那里。

三、一般将来时

【链接中考】

11. A friendly basketball match between teachers and students _____ tomorrow afternoon. Anybody is welcome. (2011年浙江丽水)

A. was held B. will be held

C. is held D. must be held

12. Chen Guangbiao says he _____ all his money to charities when he dies. (2011年山东临沂)

A. leaves B. left

C. will leave D. would leave

13. ―Mom, when can I go out to play football?

―Finish your homework first, or I _____let you go out. (2011年山东威海)

A. don’t B. didn’t

C. won’t D. haven’t

14. If there is any change to the plan, I _____you as soon as possible. (2011年江苏宿迁)

A. told B. have told

C. tell D. will tell

15. We are glad to hear that the Greens _____ to a new flat next week. (2011年上海市)

A. move B. moved

C. will move D. have moved

【要点解读】

1. 构成：

（1）shall/will +do(动词原形), shall用于第一人称，will适合各种人称。

（2）be going to +do(动词原形),表示按计划、打算要做的事或即将发生的事。

2. 用法：

（1）一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或情况。常与将来时态连用的时间状语有：tomorrow, next week（month, year…）, in the future, in+段时间, in 2020等。例如：

The radio says there will be rainy tomorrow.

广播报道明天有雨。

What are you going to do this weekend?

这个周末你们要做什么？

（2）在含有以if, unless, when, as soon as等引导的状语从句的复合句中，通常遵循主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时的原则。例如：

If you eat a lot of sugar, you will put on weight.

如果糖吃得太多，你就会发胖。

四、现在进行时

【链接中考】

16. The population of the world _____ still _____ now. (2011年甘肃兰州)

A. will，grow B. has， grown

C. is， growing D. is， grown

17. Look! Jack and his monkey _____ disk together in the garden. (2011年山东临沂)

A. is flying B. was flying

C. are flying D. were flying

18. ―I’ve not finished my project yet.

―Hurry up! Our friends _____ for us. (2011年江苏南京)

A. wait B. are waiting

C. will wait D. have waited

19. Listen! Someone _____ for help! (2011年湖南株洲)

A. called

B. is calling

C. has called

20. ―Alan, it’s late. Why not go to bed?

―Jenny hasn’t come back yet. I _____

for her. (2011年广东省)

A. waited B. have waited

C. am waiting D. was waiting

【要点解读】

1. 构成：be（am, is, are）动词 +现在分词。

2. 用法：

（1）表示说话时（此时此刻）或现阶段正在进行的动作。常见的时间状语有now, 表示祈使语气的动词look和listen等。例如：

Look! They are taking photos in the park now.

看！他们正在公园里拍照。

（2）某些动词如go, come, leave, start, begin, arrive, visit, plan等，在表示计划、安排将来要做某事时，可用现在进行时表示将来的动作。例如：

We are planning to have a sports meeting next Friday.

我们计划下周五开运动会。

五、现在完成时

【链接中考】

21. ―Where is Ben?

― He _____ to the teachers’ office. He will be back soon. (2011年福建福州)

A. go B. has gone C. has been

22. I _____ my hometown for a long time. I really miss it! (2011年重庆市)

A. left B. went away from

C. have left D. have been away from

23. ―Will you please go to see the movie Guanyinshan with me?

―No, I won’t. I _____ it already. (2011年山东聊城)

A. saw B. have seen

C. see D. will see

24. ― How do you like your English teacher?

― He is great. We _____ friends since three years ago. (2011年甘肃兰州)

A. were B. have made

C. have been D. have become

25. British Prince William and Kate _____for nearly two months. (2011年江苏淮安)

A. married

B. have married

C. have been married

D. have got married

26. He promised to pick me up at the school gate. However，he_____ yet. (2011年安徽省)

A. didn’t arrive B. doesn’t arrive

C. isn’t arriving D. hasn’t arrived

27. Great changes _____ in Tongren in the past five years. (2011年贵州铜仁)

A. have happened

B. have taken place

C. have been happened

D. have been taken place

28. Mr White came to our school in 2008, and since then he _____ us English. (2011年江苏盐城)

A. teaches B. taught

C. has taught D. will teach

29. Mr Fan _____ this watch in 2005.He _____ it for 6 years. (2011年四川泸州)

A. bought；has had

B. bought；has

C. has bought；has had

D. has bought；had

【要点解读】

1. 构成：助动词have(has) +done(动词的过去分词)，其中主语是第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，用助动词has。

2. 用法：

（1）现在完成时是表示过去发生或已完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常见的时间状语有：already, just, yet, ever, never, once, twice, recently, so far, these days, in the past few days(weeks, months, years…)。例如：

Wang Nan isn’t in the classroom now. She has gone to the lab.

王楠现在不在教室，她已经去实验室了。

（2）现在完成时可以表示动作发生在过去，一直持续到现在，也许还要持续下去，常与时间状语“for+段时间”或“since+时间点”连用。例如：

He has lived here since 1999.

他自从1999年以来一直住在这里。

（3）现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for与since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常要用相应的延续性动词来替代。例如：

My brother has been a soldier for two years.

我哥哥已经参军两年了。

六、过去进行时

【链接中考】

30. ―Why didn’t you go to play football with us yesterday afternoon?

―I _____ my mother with the housework then. (2011年山东菏泽)

A. helped B. was helping

C. had helped D. have been helping

31. ― Where were you at 7:00 last night?

― I _____ to my mom at home. (2011年福建福州)

A. write B. was writing C. wrote

32. ― Amy, I called you yesterday evening,

but nobody answered the phone.

― Oh, I _____ a walk with my mother at that time. (2011年浙江宁波)

A. take B. took

C. am taking D. was taking

33. Yesterday evening, I _____ along the street when I suddenly met my maths teacher. (2011年广东广州)

A. walk B. walked

C. was walking D. am walking

34. Mrs White _____ dinner when her son came home. (2011年浙江衢州)

A. is cooking B. was cooking

C. are cooking D. were cooking

【要点解读】

1. 构成：助动词was/were+现在分词。

2. 用法：

（1）表示在过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在发生的动作。例如：

We were playing football on the playground at 4 pm.

昨天下午四点我们正在操场上踢足球。

（2）表示一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行。前提是两个动作都发生在过去，此时常用when引导的从句来表示其中一个动作，并用过去时。例如：

When you called yesterday, I was cooking in the kitchen.

昨天你打电话时，我正在厨房里做饭。

七、过去完成时

【链接中考】

35. By the end of last month, I _____ all the CDs of Justin Bieber. (2011年上海市)

A. collect B. collected

C. have collected D. had collected

36. The meeting _____ by the time I got there yesterday. (2011年新疆乌鲁木齐)

A. was on B. has been on

C. had begun D. has begun

37. The film ______(begin) by the time I got to the cinema. (2011年山东滨州)

【要点解读】

1. 构成：助动词had+过去分词。

2. 用法：

（1）表示一个动作发生在过去某一个时间或动作之前，即“过去的过去”。 例如：

He had finished his work before I came here.

在我来这儿之前，他已经完成了工作。

（2）表示动作从过去某一个时间开始，持续到另一过去时间或继续下去。例如：

By the end of last year, my brother had learned about 100 English songs.

到去年年底，我弟弟已学了大约100首英文歌曲。

Key:1―5 CBCCA 6―10 DDCDB

11―15 BCCDC 16―20 CCBBC

21―25 BDBCC 26―30 DBCAB

31―35 BDCBD 36 C 37. had begun