跑酷 第9期

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Parkour， a made?up word， is a newly emerging movement of leaps， vaults， rolls and landings， aiming to help a person avoid or surmount whatever lies in his path. Parkour goes over walls， not around them； it takes the stair rail， not the stairs. Spread mainly by videos on the Internet， it has been embraced in Europe and the United States by thrill?seekers and martial?arts adepts. They regard it partly as an extreme sport—its founder would like to see it included in the Olympics—and partly as grueling meditative pursuit. Movies like its daredevil qualities. A bracing parkour chase begins Casino Royale， the recent James Bond movie. It includes jumps from the boom of one tower crane to that of another. Parkour’s customary obstacles are walls， stairwells， fences， railings， and gaps between roofs—it is an urban rather than a pastoral pursuit.

跑酷是后来编造出来的词，这是一种新兴运动，包括跳、拱、翻以及着陆等动作，旨在帮助练习者躲过或翻越道路中的任何障碍物。跑酷过程中，练习者遇到墙会翻过去，而不会绕过去；他们下楼时沿楼梯扶手向下，而不走台阶。这项运动主要是通过网上视频传播的，在欧洲和美国都受到喜爱刺激运动的人以及武术高手的欢迎。他们一方面把跑酷视为一项极限运动——其创始人也希望跑酷能被列入奥林匹克运动会的比赛项目之列，另一方面视其为一项艰难的精神追求。跑酷中铤而走险的元素受到电影业的青睐，最近的詹姆斯·邦德系列电影《皇家赌场》就运用了跑酷元素，影片以一段激烈的追赶开始，包括从一个塔式起重机的吊杆跳到另一个的吊杆上的动作。跑酷的障碍物通常是墙、楼梯井、栅栏、栏杆以及屋顶间的间隔——这是一项在城市而不是在乡野进行的运动。

History of Parkour

跑酷的历史

The earliest form of parkour in history was defined by George Hebert， a naval officer in the French army who served both during World War Ⅰ and World War Ⅱ. Because he was a soldier， he often traveled to Africa， where he was impressed by the efficient， flowing athletic movements of most of the African tribes he visited. After he had returned to France， he began to develop a method of natural movement for officers serving in the military， in which both men and women were trained to move efficiently and fluently around a wide variety of obstacles in their path. The discipline called “méthode naturelle” started to be regularly taught in the military， setting the stage for the later development of parkour.

The most well?known founding figure of parkour is David Belle， who learned about the “méthode naturelle” discipline by his father back in the 1980s. The group he trained in came up with the term “parkour”. A person who practices parkour is generally known as a traceur， or a traceuse if she is female.

This discipline began to fall into the mainstream in the 1990s， when some films were made about parkour history and its philosophy. Some practitioners have expressed unhappi?ness with the growing popularity of the sport， especially since parkour can be dangerous if it is practiced by someone who has not received appropriate training. The training includes flying leaps， jumps， and other physically demanding moves which can look terribly flashy， but also be risky.