小心试题中的“分离现象”
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解题时，经常会遇到这类题目，原句式结构或动词短语等被某些成份分离，或出于语法上的需要而使其从原结构中分离出来，从而增强了试题的干扰性，加大了试题的难度。碰到此题目时，不能被其表面现象所迷惑，必须从句子的整体结构去理解，看清试题的本来面目。
1.主谓被分隔造成谓语动词的误用。 在主谓之间加入一个介词短语或一个从句，往往会使考生误把介词宾语作为主语或把从句中谓语当成主句谓语，造成谓语动词的误用。
1.All but one ____ here just now .
A.is B. was C.has been D.were
析：该题答案为D，但考生往往把 one 看作主语，误选B.
2)A library with five thousand books ______ to the nation as a gift.
A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D.have offered
析：该题答案为A。但学生常常把books误认为是主语而选C。
3.The day we looked forward to ____ at last .省略e B.省略ing es
析：此题答案为B。但学生易把定语从句中 looked forward to 看作谓语，错选C。
2.主从句之间被状语分隔，造成关系词与连词的误用，或由于行文需要被分隔造成错误。
A）在先行词与定语从句之间加入一个时间状语或地点状语，易使考生误把地点或时间当成先行词而误用关系词。
1. I met the teacher in the street yesterday ____ taught me English three years ago .
A . which B . when C . where D . who
析：答案为D .。学生易把yesterday当作先行词，误选B .。
2.lt was an exciting moment for these football fans these years, ____ for the first time
in years team won the World Cup.
A. that B. whileC. whichD. when
析：答案为D .。此句的先行词为an exciting moment。学生常误选B.
B.）同位语从句与其同位的名词由于句子结构需要或为了保持句子平衡被分隔，易造成引导词的误用。
1）The news has come from Beijing ____ an important meeting is being held there .
A . where B . in that C . that D . which
析：答案为C .。句中结构是为了保持句子的平衡，把名词The news与同位语从句分开。
2.lnformation has been put forward _____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. (2001上海)
A. while B. thatC. whenD. as
析：答案为B. 句中结构也是为了保持句子的平衡，用谓语把名词lnformation与同位语从句分开。
3.固定词组中间插入其他词或插入语造成分离，导致用词搭配错误：
1)We waited ____ line for the bus .
A . for B . in C . on D . with
析：此句中 wait for 已被in分隔，应选B。
2)Jonn plays football ______, if not better than, David.
A. as wellB. as well as C. so well D. so well as
析：答案为B. 句子结构A is as well as B 入语if not better than分离。
4.因倒装而引起的分隔造成谓语动词的误用。
1)At that time on it ____ 2200 people .
A . was B . is C . are D . were
析：应选D。若把 it 看成主语，则会误选A。其实主语为 people .
2)The little time we have together we try _____ wisely.(1995上海)
A. spending it B. to spend it
C. to spend D. spending that
析：应选C.此题为了强调宾语The little time把它提到句首，使学生误选B。其正常语序为we try to spend the little time we have together wisely.
5.由于不定式的省略或介词的省略造成分离而引起错误。
1)Wel do all we can ____ them .
A . help B . to help C . helped D . have helped
析：应选B。由于定语从句用了省略形式，往往把 can 当成从句谓语的一部分，导致误选A。其实是不定式用作目的状语。
2) Do you know the difficulty he had ______ the problem?
A.on working out B.to work out C.working out D. worked out
析：答案为C.此题是have difficulty (in) doing sth.的变形形式,he had作后置定语，把动词词组分开。由于介词in的省略常误选为D。
1.There are 800 students in the playground of our school , 55% ____ are girls .
A . of them B . in them
C . of which D . of whom
析：此题考查的是非限制性定语从句，先行词和定语从句被地点状语分隔开来，故选D。
2.He is one of those students who , I am sure , always do ____ best .
A . his B . their C . my D . one’s
析：正确答案为B。此题定语从句中的关系代词 who 和谓语动词 do 被 I am sure 分隔开来了。
7. do you suppose/do you think 等作为插入语把句子分开。
1)－－ I haven’t heard from him for a long time .
--- What do you suppose ____ to him ?
A . was happening B . to happen
C . has happened D . had happened
析：答案为C .。do you suppose插在What与谓语之间。
2) 8.Edison made a lot of inventions,____of great importance.
A.which l think are B.which l think they are
C.which l think theyD.I think which are
析：答案为A..l think 插在which与are之间
8.把动词短语中名词提前，使词组分离。
1)If better use is ____ your space time , youl make greater progress in that .
A . spent B . taken C . made of D . used for
析：此题正确答案为C。此题考查的是短语“make use of”的用法，use 从原结构中分离出来充当条件句中的主语，因此谓语动词用被动式。
2)Thank you for the trouble you have _____ to help us.
A.paid B. takenC. had D. asked
析：此题正确答案为B. 此题考查的是短语take trouble to do sth,trouble 被提前作为先行词。
9.不定式复合结构，分词作宾补中的分离现象
1 Who did the teacher have ____ an article for the wall newspaper just now ?
A . written B . writing C . write D . to writer
析：此题正确答案为C。该句考查的是“have. do sth . ”结构，have 的宾语疑问词 who 被移至句首 。
2 The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see_____the next year..
A.carry out B. carrying outC. carried out D. to carry out
析：此题正确答案为C。该句考查的是 “see sth done”结构。因为plan是先行词用在定语从句中应省去。
3.The missing boys were last seen _____near the river.
A. playingB. to be playingC. playD. to play
析：此题正确答案为A。该句考查的是 “seedoing”结构的被动语态。
10.主谓一致中的分离现象
1.Everybody in our country , men and women , old and young , ____ sports and games .
A . enjoy B . were enjoying C . enjoys D . are enjoying
析：此题选C。此题主语和谓语被同位语分隔了。同位语对主语只起修饰、解释、说明的作用，不影响everybody 的单数性质。
2.Miss Green as well as Mr and Mrs Green ____ devoted ____ spare time to the research work .
A . has ; her B . have ; their C . have ; her D . has ; their
析：此题正确答案为A。当主语后面跟 as well as , with , together with , but , including , besides 等连接的名词或代词时，谓语动词和其前面的名词或代词在人称和数方面保持一致。
[针对性练习]
1 Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,_____ of course, made the others unhappy.
A. whoB. whichC. this D. what
2.The penl ____ l ____ is on my desk,right under my nose.
A. think,lost B.thought,had lost
C.think,had lost D.thought,have lost
3.The film brought hours back to me ____ l wastaken good care of in that faraway villlage.
A. untilB. that C. whenD. where
4.He arrived in New York in 1896,___ ,some time later,he became a famous writer.
A. when B. whereC. that D. which
5.lt was such a serious mistake,____ caused by carelessness.
A. Which l think was B.which l think it was
C.l think which wasD. l think which it was
6.We agree to accept ___ they thought was the best tourist guide.
A. whomever B. whatever
C. whoeverD. no matter who
7.We should spend as much time as we can ___ English well.
A. to learn B. learning
C. learn D. learned
8.Did you have any trouble in getting here?
No,Otherwise,l _______ you.
A. would have telephoned
B. must have telephoned
C.would telephone D. must telephoned.
9.E-mail, as well as telephones, _____ an important part in daily communication.
A. is playingB. have played
C.are playing D. play
10.An awful accident______, however, occur the other day.
A does B. did C. has to D. had to
11.Carol said the work would be done by October,______ personally I doubt very much.
A it B. that C. when D. which
12.Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to______ some schools for poor children.
A. set upB. setting up
C. have set upD. having set up
13._____be sent to work there?
A. Who do you suggest
B. Who do you suggest that should
C. Do you suggest who should
D. Do you suggest whom should
14.l don’t mind picking up your things from the store. ____,the walk will do me good.
A. Sooner or later B. StillC. In time D. Besides
15.lt is so nice to hear from her._____,we last met more than thirty years ago.
A. What’s moreB. That is to say C. In other words D. Believe it or not
答案
1-5BBCBA 6-10 CBAAB 11-15DBADD