曲山艺海济南府

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最令济南人难以忘怀的,大概就是济南的这么一个名号――“曲山艺海”。那是济南相声的繁盛时代。1943年,孙少林于济南创立“晨光茶社”,成为南来北往相声艺人的“根据地”,与北京、天津并称为曲艺界的三大码头。以前曾有“北京学艺,天津练活,济南踢门槛”的说法,“南来的角儿,北来的腕儿,都要到‘晨光’露露面儿”。

那时候,晨光茶社的创始人之一孙少林,与侯宝林、张永熙并称“北侯南张中少林”。据说当时的相声名家如侯宝林、张寿臣、马三立、吉坪三、周德山、刘宝瑞、郭全宝、白全福、刘桂田、高德先、王世臣、孙宝才、阎笑茹、高笑林、刘中升、善宝林、连秀全、张宝屿、王长友等都来过晨光。许多相声演员都以能到济南晨光演出为荣。

关于晨光茶社这个名称的由来,已故相声演员袁佩楼曾谈到:北平有个启明茶社,是个相声大会。当时有个“南晨北启”的说法,“南晨”是指济南的晨光茶社;“北启”是指北平的启明茶社。可是,先有“启明”,后有“晨光”,也可以说“晨光”是仿效“启明”而产生的。

晨光茶社的兴盛,除演员阵容强大、艺术水平较高以外,济南的历史欣赏习惯与地理条件的优越也是重要原因之一。从历史上来说,济南人民热爱曲艺,地方上曲艺发达。从地理位置来说,济南地处南北要冲,北邻北京、天津,南接徐州、南京,这些地区都是曲艺繁盛之处,济南恰在其中。当时艺人多属流动演出,京津演员南下,徐宁演员北上,多在济南停留,逐渐使济南成为艺术交流中心。

但由于历史的原因,晨光茶社于1966年关门歇业。40多年后,在众多热爱相声事业的人士热心奔走下,2006年7月12日,晨光茶社重新开门迎客。著名相声表演艺术家马季为之题写了匾额。

新晨光茶社基本位于当年旧址,在大观园商场新建的“城隍庙”内,共分两层。一层装修颇具现代气息,二层则完全沿袭了旧晨光茶社的布局格式。茶社演艺方面的负责人由当年晨光茶社创始人孙少林先生的儿子、相声演员孙小林担任。晨光茶社将每晚演出以相声为主的曲艺节目,包括山东快书、快板等。

在沉寂了近半个世纪之后,以晨光茶社、茗曲阁、明湖居、芙蓉茶馆为代表的一批曲艺剧场纷纷亮相,为济南“曲山艺海”曲艺码头的振兴燃起了希望。如今,群众喜闻乐见的相声等曲艺节目又开始活跃在舞台,到茶社听相声成了济南人新的休闲方式。

The crosstalk has played an important role for Jinan having long been titled as “Qu Shan Yi Hai” (a place famous for Quyi). As the saying goes, “to learn skills in Beijing, practice in Tianjing and perform in Jinan”, it describes the Chenguang Tea House founded in Jinan by Sun Shaolin in 1943, which has become the “base area” for transient crosstalk artists. It is called the one of the “Three Wharfs” together with Beijing and Tianjin and many famous crosstalk artists in China must come here to perform.

After being silent for nearly half a century, a group of Quyi (Chinese Folk Arts) Theatres including Chenguang Tea House, Mingqu Pavilion, Minghuju and Furong Tea House have gradually returned to the stage. The transmission of Quyi by three generations of Sun Shaolin,a great crosstalk master,brings hope to the revitalization of Quyi theatres titled“Qu Shan Yi Hai”. Nowadays, the popular crosstalk and other Quyi programs began to thrive on the stage which makes “listening to crosstalk in tea house” the leisure style of Jinan people.

The new Chenguang Tea House is located in the former site i.e. the newly built “Chenghuang Temple” in Daguanyuan Shopping Mall. It possesses two layers: one is decorated with modern atmosphere and the other completely carries on the layout of the former Chenguang Tea House. The art performance of the tea house is in the charge of Sun Xiaolin, a crosstalk actor and son of Sun Shaolin, the originator of the former tea house. Every evening Quyi programs are performed in the tea house by focusing on crosstalk including Shandong quick-patter and allego etc.