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“瞄准”“目标”,认识aim

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aim这个词大家想必不陌生,但是在日常使用中,也要注意其意义的差别,进行正确理解和运用。下面我们先来看几个例句,体会一下不同aim的用法和意义:

1. He picked up a stone and aimed it at the dog.

2. This anti-smoking campaign is mainly aimed at young teenagers.

3. All the thoughts and all the activities of historicists aim at interpreting the past, in order to predict the future.

4. G8 is an informal group of eight developed countries, which aim to steer the world economy and politics.

5. The space mission started, with the aim of getting closer to the sun, and exploring many questions about the star.

6. The editorial in today’s paper took aim at the president’s poor performance.

例句1中,aim是及物动词,表示“瞄准,对准”,句意为:“他捡起一块石头,用它瞄准了那只狗。”此意义aim也可以做不及物动词,后面常可接介词at, for。

例如:The gun was aimed at her head. 枪瞄准了她的头。

I aim for the middle of the target. 我瞄准了靶心。

例句2中,aim也为及物动词,表示“针对,对象是”,句意为:“这次禁烟运动主要是针对青少年的。”常用被动结构“be aimed at sb.”。另外,常用结构“be aimed at sth.”意为“旨在,目的是”。

例如:My criticism wasn’t aimed at you. 我的批评不是针对你的。

Criticism should be aimed at helping those criticized. 批评旨在帮助那些被批评的人。

例句3、4中,aim为不及物动词,表示“力求达到,争取做到”,句意分别为:“历史决定论者所有的思想和行动都是为了解释过去,以便预测未来。”“八国集团是由八个发达国家组成的非正式组织,其力争引领世界经济和政治。”常用结构为“aim at doing sth.; aim at/for sth.”。

例如:Through friendly relations with the global press, we aim at creating an atmosphere of favorable international public opinion. 通过建立与国际新闻界的友好联系,我们力求营造一个良好的国际舆论氛围。

We aim at the assurance of a rounded, a permanent national life. 我们的目标是要保证国民生活的圆满和长治久安。

We must aim for world peace in the long term. 我们要争取持久的世界和平.

例句5中,aim为名词,表示“目标,目的”,句意为:“太空任务开始了,目的是更靠近太阳,探索更多恒星的问题。”

例如:We have long sympathized with the aims of the Green Party. 我们长期以来一直支持绿党保护生态环境的目标。

Teamwork is required to achieve these aims. 达到这些目标需要团队协作。

注意:“实现目标”在英语中要用动词 achieve, 一般不用 reach。

例如:Everybody should be given the chance to achieve their aims. 要让每个人都有机会实现自己的目标。

例句6中,动词结构“take aim at sb./sth.”表示“瞄准;把目标对准某人(或某事物)”,意为:“今天报纸上的社论矛头指向总统糟糕的表现。”

例如:Now we have to take aim at the problem and try to get it solved. 现在我们不得不正视这个难题并试图解决它。

The gunners took aim at the enemy spy plane and brought it down. 射手们瞄准敌人的间谍飞机,把它打了下来。

拓展:aim与goal, target的区别

aim, goal, target都有“目标”的意思,有时也有少许意义上的差别。

aim 从本义“靶子”引申而来,多注重于“目的”,即事物发展的最终结果。这个“目标”是非主观的(即主语多用于物或者事件)。aim侧重比较具体而明确的目标,但常指短期目标。

goal 指经过考虑和选择,需经坚持不懈的努力奋斗才能达到的最终目标。指长期、主观愿望的,尤其常用在表示“愿望”“理想”上面。

target 指射击的靶,军事攻击目标。引申指被攻击、批评或嘲笑的目标。

例如:Catherine’s aim is to be a doctor. 凯瑟琳的目标是成为一个医生。

She pursued the goal of perfection in her art. 在艺术中,她追求完善的目标。

Set yourself targets that you can reasonably hope to achieve. 给自己设定有望达成的目标。

一、 单项选择

1. The farmer built long fences, _______ keeping the wild dogs out of them.

A. aim at B. aim for

C. aiming at D. aiming for

2. The 10th National Games of the People’s Republic of China _______ athlete talents and build up the national teams for the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing were held in Nanjing in Oct, 2005.

A. aimed at developing

B. aiming to develop

C. to aim at developing

D. aimed to develop

二、 根据所给中文完成句子

1. When the teacher said that there was a lazy boy in the class, ________________

_________(他是针对约翰说的).

2. We should ________________________(我们要力争获得最好的结果).

3. He took ___________________________(他仔细瞄准靶子).