张雯:用爱开展儿童救助
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Gao Shang， a young child who experienced two complex heart surgeries， is one among the 300 disadvantaged children receiving help from the 2012 Medical Aid Program of Children’s Hope.
Xixi came to the Home of Children’s Hope in 2008. Suffering from athetoid cerebral palsy and cortical blindness， she couldn't see nor hear anything.
A Qu comes from a primary school in the Erzezhu Village， Yuexi County， Lianshan Prefecture （an autonomous prefecture in Sichuan）. The dilapidated school is located in a poor alpine area. With the aid of Children’s Hope， children there have received donations and finally owned their bright and spacious classrooms.
高尚，小小年纪就经历了两次复杂性心脏手术，是儿童希望2012年医疗项目救助的300个贫困患儿中的一个。
汐汐，2008年来到儿童希望之家。因患有徐动性脑瘫和皮质盲，她无法看见这个世界，也听不到声音。
阿曲，来自凉山州越西县的尔则主村小学，其就读的破旧校舍地处高寒贫困地区。在儿童希望助养项目帮助下，孩子们得到了爱心人士的捐建，终于拥有了宽敞明亮的教室。
Yule， who has disabled parent， was born in 2008. In July 2012， the child was diagnosed with “abdominal neuroblastoma” which compounded the plight of the poor family. Through the medical aid program， Children’s Hope raised funds for Yule. Together with the help of the public， Yule had a successful surgery of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation （HSCT） in Beijing Children’s Hospital and stayed in a stable condition.
8-year-old John is among the earliest batch of children coming to the Home of Children's Hope in 2004. After six major surgeries， his heart disease， hydrocephalus and cataracts were cured. He started school in September 2012.
Jigao is brought up in a single-parent family and raised by his father whose leg was wounded. Jigao and his brother are both in the sunflower group of the Aid Program in Sichuan Earthquake Zone. Children’s Hope Foundation offers assistance to them after learning their situation from the volunteers.
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雨乐，出生于2008年，父母均是残疾人。2012年7月，孩子患“腹部神经母细胞瘤”，一家人本就艰难的日子更是雪上加霜。通过助医平台，儿童希望为雨乐募集到了资金，加上广大爱心人士的帮助，7月27日，雨乐在北京儿童医院进行造血干细胞移植，手术顺利，情况稳定。
约翰，8岁，是04年最早来到儿童希望之家的孩子。他历经六次大手术，治愈了心脏病，脑积水，白内障。2012年9月开始上小学。
继高，与弟弟同为四川震区助养项目向阳花小组孩子，单亲家庭成长，曾负过腿伤的父亲一人抚养孩子，2010年10经志愿者介绍了解情况后儿希会介入救助。
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These children share the same name： orphans or disadvantaged children. They have a common home： Home of Children's Hope. They are unfortunate being orphaned or disadvantaged. However， they are also fortunate enough to receive aid from Children’s Hope Foundation （aka Children’s Hope）. It is a Chinese local non-profit NGO to help orphans and disadvantaged children. The reporter made an exclusive interview with Ms. Melody Wen Zhang， Executive Director of Children’s Hope， on issues of assistance to orphans and disadvantaged children in China on the day before Chinese New Year’s Eve.
他们，有一个共同的名字，叫做孤儿或困境儿童；他们有一个共同的家，叫做儿童希望之家。作为孤儿或困境儿童中的一员，他们是不幸的；然而他们又是幸运的，因为他们得到了儿童希望救助基金会的救助。这一主要从事中国孤儿和困境儿童救助的机构便是儿童希望救助基金会（简称儿童希望）――一家中国本土的非盈利民间机构。除夕的前一天，本刊记者就中国孤儿以及困境儿童救助问题专访了该机构主任张雯女士。
Heart-Wringing Situation of Orphans and Disadvantaged Children
刺痛心灵的孤儿与困境儿童现状
With the Spring Festival approaching， there was an air of restlessness in Beijing. On festive occasions one thinks of his dear ones far away more than ever， let alone at the Spring Festival for family reunion. People working far from homeland， regardless of their fatigue， were bathed in the holiday joy of returning home for the Spring Festival. However， the reporter was impressed by staff busy working in the office， full of enthusiasm. Director Zhang in the morning meeting was particularly beautiful with her curly hair and eyes with loving gaze. When I expressed my admiration towards the conscientious staff of Children’s Hope， Ms. Zhang told me proudly that a number of students from the Sport University who didn’t go back to their hometown would help children here with rehabilitation training. Meanwhile they also help teachers in the Home of Children’s Hope at best they can.
When talking about the children here， the eyes of Ms. Zhang are filled with tender affection. A graduate from School of Journalism of Renmin University of China in 1989， she had never thought that she would step into the area of children’s relief from journalism with her previous dream of “The iron shoulders undertake the morality and justice， the highly skilled write the article.” Guided by some foreign experts hoping to help orphans， Ms. Zhang chanced to come to a welfare house in Jiangsu Province， China in 1992. In the dserted and cold orphanage， children were as thin as a lath. Their faces were pale and eyes are dull. Acrid smell filled the air. She was shocked so long that she could not calm down. She even held up a child and ran out of the house desperately. She still can not get over the tingling sensation. It is the shock that made Ms. Zhang to join the program of children’s relief， giving up the work as a magazine reporter resolutely.
临近春节的北京，空气中似乎总弥漫着一种躁动。每逢佳节倍思亲，更何况是举家团圆的春节。背井离乡的人们顾不上工作了一年的劳累，积极奔走在回家过年的喜悦中。但当记者来到儿童希望救助基金会时，却被几个依然热情饱满的穿梭在办公室的工作人员所打动。正在开早会的张雯主任更是令记者眼前一亮，一头卷发散发着柔美的气息，白皙的面容上流露着慈爱的目光。当记者对儿童希望救助基金会仍坚守岗位的员工表示敬佩时，张雯女士自豪地告诉记者，今年春节期间，一些不回家的体育大学的大学生将帮助儿童希望之家的孩子做康复训练，与此同时还将帮助希望之家的老师们做一些力所能及的事情。
提及儿童希望之家的孩子，张雯女士眼中充满了爱怜。这位1989年毕业于中国人民大学新闻系的高材生或许并未想到，曾怀揣着“铁肩担道义，妙手著文章”理想的自己会从新闻界一脚踏入困境儿童救助领域。那是一个偶然的机会，1992年，在一些希望帮助孤儿的外国专家的带领下，张雯女士来到了中国江苏的一所福利院。在空荡而又冰冷的福利院里，一个个孩子骨瘦如柴，脸色苍白，目光呆滞，再加上屋子里散发出来的刺鼻气味，令她震惊得久久无法平静，甚至不顾一切的一把抱起其中的一个孩子就往屋外跑。当时那种刺痛的感觉至今仍令张雯难以忘怀，也正是当时的那种震惊让她毅然决然的选择放弃杂志社记者的工作，义无反顾的投入到对孤儿与困境儿童的救助中。
Ms. Zhang felt her limitations after a couple of years’ work. Then， she went to the US for further study. Ms. Zhang received her Master's degree in Social Work from Washington University in St. Louis in US in 1997， majoring in family and children. During her internship in US， Ms. Zhang engaged in social work services related to divorced families， victims' families and poor families. Through the internship， she was struck by the gap between child relief in China and the US.
Ms. Zhang introduced that most civilized countries have established standardized relief systems for orphans or disadvantaged children. In American social welfare concept， children are not only vulnerable groups worthy of sympathy. More importantly， children are treated as the hope of future in the US. Therefore， the domestic adoption system in the US is well-regulated in purpose of ensuring orphans live in a healthy environment. Child Welfare Bureaus are set up in the US and many other countries. There is also positive interaction between the government and NGOs. The government can make NGOs supplementary relief forces through purchasing their services. Once there are homeless children， professional organizations can soon respond to it. If people want to adopt them， relevant training services and government-backed funds will be provided.
几年的工作下来，张雯深深感到自己能力有限。于是，她想到了前往美国继续深造。1997年，张雯获得了美国路易斯华盛顿大学的社工硕士学位，主修家庭与儿童。在美国实习期间，张雯涉猎了针对离婚家庭、受害者家庭以及较穷社区家庭孩子的社工服务。通过实习，张雯深刻感受到了中国与美国在孤儿与困境儿童救助上的差距。
据张雯介绍，当下，大多数文明国家都建立了规范化的孤儿或困境儿童救助制度。在美国人的社会福利观念里，儿童不仅是值得同情的无辜弱势群体，更重要的是，美国人把儿童看作是未来的希望。因此，美国的家庭收养制度非常规范，其目的就是保证孤儿有一个健康的成长环境。在美国等很多国家都设有儿童福利局，政府和民间组织之间也是良性互动，政府可以通过购买服务的形式让民间组织成为很好的救助补充力量。一旦出现流浪儿童，很快就有专业组织来负责。如果爱心人士打算收养的话，相关培训及政府支持资金等也会很快配套。
However， it’s quite different in China. Here， diseases claimed lives of children who could have been cured； some children were even abused by their own biological parents and received no help. According to statistics， currently there are about 615，000 orphans in China. About 109，000 orphans are fostered by the Children’s Welfare Institute of the Ministry of Civil Affairs. The rest of 506，000 orphans， without the reach of official child welfare services， are scattered in the society. They are fostered either by their relatives or NGOs. Every year there are new orphans and some of them will be fostered by child welfare services. Thus， the figure is different each year. Coupled with other orphans beyond the statistics， this figure is obviously larger than 600，000.
Another figure shows that there are 9 provincial level independent child welfare institutes， 333 regional independent ones and 64 county level independent ones. In addition， over 800 social welfare institutes have a service section for children. Altogether there are 2，853 counties in China. The present welfare institutes are far from enough for the large number of orphans in China. In this regard， Ms. Zhang said that undeniably the children relief system in China is still not perfect. Relevant laws and regulations are still needed for improvement. The Adoption Law of the People's Republic of China was promulgated and came into force in April， 1992. However， as the most important law to protect orphans， the government’s responsibility lies in a mere registration provision. This greatly dilutes the government’s legal responsibility. With the absence of the child welfare system， the situation of orphans and disadvantaged children in China is worrying.
然而，在中国则是另外一番景象。在这里，孩子被原本可以医治的病症夺去生命；在这里，孩子有时甚至被自己的亲生父母虐待而得不到帮助。据统计，目前中国共有孤儿约61.5万名。其中，由民政部门的儿童福利机构养育的孤儿约有10.9万名；剩下的50.6万个孤儿无法进入公办的、官办的孤儿抚养机构，而只能散落在民间，或由亲属养育，或由一些个人、民间机构抚养。由于每年都会有新的孤儿被统计进来，又会有新的孤儿被一些儿童福利机构被收养，因此这些数字每年都会发生变化。如果加上没有统计在册的儿童，这个数字应当是明显大于60万。
据另一组数字显示，在中国，省级独立的儿童福利机构9家，地级独立的儿童福利机构333家，县级独立的儿童福利机构64家。此外，800多家社会福利机构设有儿童部。而中国一共有2853个县，现有的福利机构数对于有着众多孤儿的偌大中国来说无疑是单薄的。对此，张雯表示，不可否认的是中国当前的孤儿与困境儿童救助制度还不够完善，相关的法律法规还没有及时跟进。在中国，《收养法》1992年4月就公布生效。但作为最重要的保护孤儿的法律，政府的责任却只有一条登记条款，这显然大大淡化了政府的法律责任。再加上儿童福利制度的缺失，使得中国孤独与困境儿童的生存状况堪忧。
Build the Home of Children's Hope
搭建儿童希望之家
Talking about the children who have been orphaned due to disability， illness or poverty， Ms. Zhang eyes were filled with tears， her voice choked. This is not only because of children’s innocence， but also owing to anger she felt towards the parents who abandoned the children. She told the reporter excitedly that many Chinese parents treat their kids as their own accessories. When children have some health problems， parents tend to give up their lives. This is not only inconsistent with the civilization of a society， but also against the spirit of humanitarianism. Take an example of a child suffering imperforate anus， his parents refused to get him treated. In desperation， our volunteers had to grab him for treatment. This matter triggered public uproar. However， according to the opinion polls by Sohu， as much as 70% of the people thought that we were doing this for sensationalization. It is the biological parents and the ones who support these parents that claim the life of the child. This is the problem of the whole society --- the society kills lives in the name of justice.
In Ms. Zhang’s view， remarkable advances have been made in China’s economy since the reform and opening up. However， there are still many people lagging behind China’s economic tide. For example， there are poor people and their children. “Currently many areas in China follow the laws of economics， including education， culture and health care. However， it cannot be regarded as a progress if a country can tolerate the parents to deprive the life of their kid. We must completely change this concept. Children are endowed with the right of survival， respect， education and medical treatment.”
谈及那些因残疾、病痛或贫困而不得不沦为孤儿的孩子们，张雯的眼里闪烁着泪花，声音几度哽咽。这不仅仅是因为孩子们的无辜，更是对放弃他们的父母感到愤怒。她激动的告诉记者，中国有不少家长把孩子当作自己的附属品。当孩子的健康状况出现问题时，家长们往往很容易就选择放弃他们的生命。这不仅不符合社会文明，也有违人道主义精神。以一个患有闭索的孩子为例，其家长拒绝接受治疗，而我们的志愿者在无奈之下只能通过抢孩子的途径使其能获得医治。此事一时引起了舆论的轩然大波。然而，根据搜狐的民意调查，竟有70%的人认为是我们在炒作。要剥夺孩子生命的人竟是孩子的亲生父母以及支持其父母的人，这就是整个社会的问题――社会以正义的名义扼杀生命。
在张雯看来，中国改革开放以来，经济得到了长足的发展。然而，中国的经济大潮把很多人落在了后面。比如穷人，还有他们的孩子。“目前，中国很多领域都在跟着经济规律走，包括教育、文化、医疗。但是，经济再发达，社会再发展，如果一个国家能容忍父母剥夺自己孩子的生命都不能算进步。我们必须彻底改变这种理念，孩子有生存、受尊重、受教育的权利，而不是因为我们怜悯他们才使其得到治疗。”
“As the lucky ones of this era， we can learn something different. Thus， we cannot ignore children in difficult situations.” Ms. Zhang started saving orphans and disadvantaged children in 1992. She got married in the US in 2002 and has two biological children. As a Chinese， Ms. Zhang hopes she can contribute more to the orphans and disadvantaged children in China. Thus， she and her whole family moved to China in 2004， leading Children’s Hope to conduct medical， sponsorship and education programs.
In order to help sick children， Children’s Hope initiated the “Give Me New Life Medical Program”， aiming to provide surgeries and medical funds for sick orphans and children from poor families under the age of 14. The goal is to allow these children to be treated in a timely manner and given a chance of life as quickly as possible. Since 2000， with the support from Procter & Gamble， the Walch company， the Baby Tree， the Baby Care Company and many other well-known Chinese and foreign-owned enterprises， Children’s Hope has cooperated with medical institutions across the country and helped over 5，000 orphans and children from poor families to get surgeries.
“我们作为时代的幸运儿，能够学习到一些不一样的东西，就不能也无法对困境儿童置之不理。”1992年，张雯开始从事孤儿与困境儿童救助。2002年，张雯在美国成家，并生育了两个孩子。作为一个中国人，张雯希望为中国孤儿与困境儿童做出更多的贡献。正因如此，2004年张雯举家回国，带领儿童希望大力开展助医、助养、助学项目。
为了帮助患病的儿童，儿童希望开展了“给我新生命”助医项目。该项目旨在为14岁以下孤儿和贫困家庭的残疾儿童筹备手术费用，让他们能及时得到治疗，早日拥有健康的新生命。自2000年起，儿童希望在宝洁公司、威露士公司、宝宝树、葆婴公司等知名企业和许多中外爱心人士的支持下，与全国各地的医疗机构合作，共帮助5000多名孤儿和贫困家庭的孩子接受了手术。
In order to create a family environment for orphans and disadvantaged children， Children’s Hope initiated the Sponsorship Program. The objective of this program is to provide help for orphans under the age of 18 or disadvantaged children due to poverty， diseases or family tragedies. Orphans not only need material assistance， but also need attention and care in the psychological aspect. This program also aims to bring the children one-to-one sincere care， healthy food， proper health care， education and spiritual communication， accompanying them to grow and helping them build positive attitude towards life until they own their happy families. Since the beginning of the Sponsorship Program for Orphans in July 2006， over 600 at-risk children have received help every year. By October 2012， over 3，000 children have benefited from this program. At present， the program has reached other social orphans beyond the welfare homes. Meanwhile， at-risk children due to poverty， diseases， disasters and family tragedies， in particular， girl drop-outs， have also gained help.
In addition， in order to help older orphans continue their study， Children’s Hope initiated the Vocational Training Program for Older Orphans. Owing to the lack of family care， immature psychology， weak learning foundation， poor self-learning ability and one specific skill， these children lack basic survival skills and competitiveness facing social challenges. This program aims to provide vocational training and relevant psychological counseling for these children， in order to help them become self-sufficient and start a healthy and independent life.
为了给孤儿与困境儿童创造家庭的环境，儿童希望开展了助养项目。该项目旨在为18岁以下的孤儿，因贫困，疾病，家庭变故等原因陷入困境的儿童提供帮助。孤儿不仅需要物质上的帮助，更需要的是心理上的重视和关怀。福利院的儿童助养项目的目标是给孩子们带去一对一的真诚关爱和健康的食物、适当的医疗保障、教育、心灵的沟通和关怀，陪伴孩子成长，帮助树立孩子们正确的人生观和价值观，直到他们拥有自己的幸福家庭。福利院儿童助养项目从2006年7月开展至今，每年有600多名困境儿童得到帮助，截止到了2012年10月底，共计帮助3000多人次。目前项目已经延伸到福利院之外的社会孤儿，同时帮助因贫、病、灾、家庭变故等原因陷入困境的儿童并特别救助失学女童。
此外，为了帮助大龄孤儿继续学业，儿童希望开展了助学项目。由于孤儿和困境儿童缺乏家庭关怀，心理不成熟；学习基础薄弱，自我学习能力较差，又没有一技之长，面对社会的挑战缺少基本的生存和竞争能力。该项目旨在为这些孩子提供职业技能培训及相关的心里辅导，帮助他们自强自立，开始健康独立的人生。
Advocate for Orphans and
Disadvantaged Children
为孤儿与困境儿童呐喊
In order to better carry out the work of saving children， Children’s Hope became a formally established foundation with an independent legal status in 2010. Ms. Zhang said she had a grand ideal to bring the mature charitable philosophy and practices to children’s charities in modern China， in order to prevent more children from becoming orphans.
"In today's China， there are a million newborn babies suffering from congenital diseases every year. Children are subject to various harms too. However， few people know how to help them. Children’s Hope wants to be the one to advocate for children. Our philosophy is to pass love， save the children， protect life， and give children homes， health and hopes. This philosophy seems ordinary， but our work is refined little by little.
为了更好的开展儿童救助工作，2010年，儿童希望正式完成注册，成立了拥有独立法人资格的基金会。据张雯介绍，她有一个宏大的理想，即将西方成熟的慈善理念和作法运用在现代中国的儿童慈善事业，防止更多还未成为孤儿的孩子变成孤儿。
“如今的中国，每年有上百万的新生儿患有先天疾病，还有诸多对儿童的各种伤害。但是，知道怎么帮助他们的人却不多。儿童希望就想做这个鼓与呼的人。我们的理念就是传递真爱，救助儿童，守护生命，给孩子家，健康和希望。这个理念看上去普通，但这是我们在工作中一点点的提炼。”
In Ms. Zhang’s view， it's not enough to solve the problems of child relief only by the effort of the government or NGOs. Instead， the government and NGOs must make concerted efforts. “Our strength is limited. We can only take actions， do what we have said and form a role model so that more people can join us and the policy can be affected. For this， I have two proposals. We have been submitting the Children's Health Insurance Proposal since 2008. In addition， there is children's rights protection. In China the law tends to protect the family. However， it is children who should be protected. Many children are hurt by their own biological parents. The core of the Children's Health Insurance Proposal is allowing parents， say， unmarried mothers or poor families， to take the initiative to give up custody of the children. Further， biological parents can be deprived of custody if they cause harm to their children but refuse to give up custody. These laws already exist in some countries. The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child has long proposed devotion to the best interests of children. ”
However， it’s not enough to have the laws. The implementation system， i.e.， Administration for Children's Services， should be set up. As a NGO， Children’s Hope can only be followed as a role model for advocacy and publicity. Although Ms. Zhang has been submitting the proposal， there is no noticeable effect. For this， Ms. Zhang said： “Everything's hard in the beginning. We have been doubted in this society with trust crisis. But we know what we are striving for. The power of love supports us forward. Some people say social services are social lubricant. We believe that our work brings a breath of fresh air. Our efforts are an attitude， a voice and a message of love passing in the society. Giving and accepting love are the true meaning of life. We can be greatly blessed by helping others.”
在张雯看来，解决孤儿救助问题，单靠政府或民间力量都不可行，政府和民间必须“齐心协力”。“ 我们的力量太小，我们只能把话说来，把样子做出来，继而让更多的人加入其中，最后影响政策。对此，我们有两个议案。从2008年起，我们一直提交全民儿童医保议案。此外，还有儿童权益保护。因为中国的法律倾向于保护家庭，而实际上应该是保护孩子。其实很多伤害孩子的人就是他们的亲生父母。儿童保护议案的核心是允许父母主动放弃监护权，比如说未婚妈妈或极度贫困的家庭。再进一步就是剥夺监护权，当发生亲生父母伤害孩子而又不放弃孩子的监护权时，国家可强制剥夺其监护权。这些法律在别的国家早已存在，联合国《儿童权利公约》也早已提出一切应以儿童最大利益的原则。”
但是，仅有法律层面还不够，还应有执行体系，即设立儿童保护局。儿童希望作为民间机构，只能先作个案，作倡导与宣传。虽然张雯一直在提交议案，但并没有明显的效果。对此，张雯表示，“万事开头难。在这个信任危机社会，我们一直被别人置疑，但我们知道自己为的是谁，爱的力量支撑着我们前行。有人说社会服务是社会的剂，我则认为我们的工作是一股清新的空气。我们的努力是一种态度，一个声音，是在这个社会传递一个爱的讯息。给与爱，接受爱，是生命的真谛。帮助了别人，我们就得到了最大的祝福。”
When the reporter asked about the plans for the future， Ms. Zhang said that her ideal is to bring some Chinese volunteers to other countries， for example， African countries， to serve for orphans and disadvantaged children there. “Chinese people must have a global vision. We are responsible for the world. Universal values go beyond boundaries. The charity cause of children saving needs to adapt itself to the international practice. ”
Ms. Zhang， with three adopted children， is now a happy mother. She talked about her communication with the children with excitement. Her words and deeds have influenced her biological children. Hence， the two kids are also willing to help others. Ms. Zhang interpreted it that a child is willing to share with other when he is filled with love. “When conducting the work of children saving， our hearts have been looking for a real power. This power comes from love. Love shows people a direction and power in life.”
当记者问及未来的打算，张雯表示其理想是把很多想走出去的中国志愿者带到国外，比如到非洲国家去为那里的孤儿与困境儿童服务。“中国人必须有世界眼光，我们对世界是有责任的。普世价值不分国界，中国的儿童救助慈善事业需要跟世界接轨，”
如今已经领养了三个孩子的张雯是一位幸福的妈妈，谈起自己与孩子之间的交流，张雯如数家珍。她的言行潜移默化地影响着自己的亲生孩子，正因如此，两个孩子也表现出乐于助人的品质。对此，张雯解读为当一个孩子得到了足够的爱之后，他是愿意与其他人分享的。“在开展儿童救助工作时，我们的内心一直在寻求一种真正的力量，这种力量来自于爱，生活在爱中的人就会觉得有方向，有力量。”