论城市化中“民众诉求”推动的土地征收改革模式
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摘要：目前，我国土地征收改革模式主要有“政府主导”驱动和“民众诉求”推动两种。温州“民众诉求”推动的土地征收改革模式，其典型特点是政府回应征地群众的“民生诉求”问题，通过“三分三改”给予农民“携土地资源用益物权”入城的市民身份，并创造农民可以“自由择业”的“宜农则农、宜商则商、宜工则工”的经济环境，使得被征地农民生活“有依靠”、工作“有奔头”。从温州征地模式的成功经验来看，“民众诉求”推动的土地征收改革模式，本质是“民众诉求”推动与政府“回应改革”，具有民主性、回应性、责任性特征，有利于化解城市建设社会风险和实现城市经济可持续发展。
关键词：土地征收改革模式；温州模式；返还地；民众诉求；三分三改；政府主导；土地资源用益物权；户籍制度改革；社会民生
中图分类号：F321.1 文献标志码：A 文章编号：16748131（2012）04001108
On Land Expropriation Reform Mode Promoted by
“Masses Appeal” in the Process of Urbanization
—Experience and Enlightenment from Wenzhou’s Land Expropriation Practice
WANG Huahua, WANG Shangyin
(School of Politics and Law, Wenzhou University, Zhejiang Wenzhou 325035, China)
Abstract: Currently, China’s land expropriation mode mainly includes the expropriation “driven by government” and “by masses appeal”. The land expropriation reform mode of Wenzhou is promoted by “masses appeal”, the typical characteristics of which are that governments solve “the livelihood appeal” of the people whose land has been expropriated, use “threeseparation and threereform” to give urban resident status to the peasant by his “land resources use right” and create economic environment to let the peasants “freely conduct agricultural work, or conduct commercial work or conduct industrial work” by their own will, which makes the peasants whose land has been expropriated have the dependence for livelihood and have hope for working. Based on the successful experience of Wenzhou’s land expropriation mode, the essence of the land expropriation reform mode promoted by “masses appeal” is driven by “masses appeal” and the “reform responded by governments”, has the characteristics of democracy, resilience and responsibility and is beneficial to melt social risk in the urbanization construction and to realize sustainable development of urban economy.
Key words: land expropriation reform mode; Wenzhou Model; land returned; masses appeal; threeseparation and threereform; governmentled; land resources use right; household register system reform; society and livelihood
一、引言
塞缪尔?亨廷顿（2008）认为，“现代化是近代以来世界历史发展的潮流和趋势，是一个世界性的历史进程”，但“现代性孕育着稳定，而现代化过程却滋生着动乱。”“亨廷顿悖论”从一个侧面反映出“现代化”过程是一个社会实现“现代性”的“阵痛期”。同理，“城市性”能够带来社会的安定与繁荣，“城市化”则有可能引发社会冲突，特别是在城市化进程中丧失合法权益的社会群体，会通过各种方式阻碍“城市化建设”或影响“社会稳定”，像2008年甘肃“陇南征地拆迁”、2010年江西“宜黄自焚事件”、2011年云南“绥江村民不满征地安置的堵路事件”等。因此，深入研究城市化中土地征收改革的模式问题，寻求科学合理的改革路径，有助于实现城市建设中土地征收科学化、理性化、和谐化地进行。