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英语中“四说”知多少

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英语中的“说”通常可翻译成say、speak、talk和tell,但是有的同学对它们的含义及用法不能正确区分,非常容易混淆。下面就来介绍一下它们的区分及用法,相信会对同学们的学习有所帮助。

say:意为“说出”、“说过”、“说道”,强调说话的内容,它的宾语可以是名词、代词或宾语从句,也可与to连用。常用短语:say sth. to sb. /say to sb. 。请看例句:

1. Mr. Li often says “hello” to us with a smile. 李先生常带着微笑向我们打招呼。

2. Can you say the word in English?你能用英语说这个单词吗?

3. “I want to go there by bus”,he said. 他说,“我要坐公交车到那里去。”

4. He said to me, “I am a student from Class Eight, Grade Seven.”

他对我说:“我是七年级八班的一名学生。”

5. Please say it in English. 请用英语说。

speak:强调说的动作,不强调所说的内容。作及物动词时,常以某种语言作宾语。作不及物动词时,常见的搭配形式有:speak of sth./sb. 谈到某事(某人);speak to sb. 跟某人讲话;speak to sb. about sth. 跟某人谈某事。此外speak还可用于较为正式的场合,表示演讲或演说。请看例句:

1. Can you speak Japanese? 你会说日语吗?

2. She is speaking to her teacher. 她正在和她的老师说话。

3. He spoke at the meeting yesterday. 他昨天在会上讲了话。

4. Can you speak about him? 你能不能说说他的情况?

5. I don’t like to speak like this. 我不喜欢这样说话。

talk:与 speak 意义相近,也着重说话的动作,而不着重所说的话,一般也只用作不及物动词。不过,talk 暗示话是对某人说的,有较强的对话意味,着重指连续地和别人谈话。常用短语有:talk to sb. /talk with sb. about sth.。

请看例句:

1. Peter and Ken are talking on the phone. 彼得和肯正在电话中交谈。

2. Nancy’s father is talking with her teacher. 南希的父亲正在和她的老师谈话。

3. Nancy and her pen friend are talking in English. 南希和她的笔友正用英语交谈。

4. —What are they talking about?他们正在谈论什么?

—They are talking about the English exam. 他们正谈论这次英语考试。

tell:意为“讲述”、“告诉”,作及物动词时,指把一件事或一个故事讲出来,有连续述说之意。如:tell the truth 说实话;tell a story 讲故事;tell a lie 撒谎。请看例句:

What did your friend tell you five minutes ago?五分钟前你朋友告诉了你什么?

此外,tell也可接双宾语结构或复合宾语结构。如tell sb. sth. 告诉某人某事;tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人某事;tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人(不要)去做某事。请看例句:

1. The policeman told the two children not to ride a bike quickly. It’s too dangerous.

那个警察告诉那两个孩子骑自行车不要太快,那太危险了。

2. Can you tell me something about your pen friend?

你能不能告诉我关于你的笔友的一些事情?

3. Mike’s grandfather often tells him an interesting story before he goes to bed.

迈克的爷爷常常在他睡觉前给他讲一个有趣的故事。

通过上面的分析,相信你对英语中的“四说”能正确区分了吧。下面练习一下,相信你一定没问题。

1. ______ me what I should do next.

A. Say B. Speak C. Tell D. Talk

2. People usually ____“hello” to each other when they make a phone call.

A. say B. speak C. tell D. talk

3. Sorry, I can’t ________ English.

A. speak B. say C. tell D. talk

4. They ______ about football every day.

A. say B. speak C. tell D. talk

(Answers:1.C 2.A 3.A 4.D)