被动语态与中考英语
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在初中阶段,同学们学到的被动语态有以下几种:
一般现在时: am/ is /are +P.P.
一般过去时：was /were +P.P.
现在完成时：have/ has been+P.P.
现在进行时：am/ is/ are being +P.P.
含情态动词：情态动词+be +P.P.
大家可以通过一个口诀来加强记忆：
被动语态须注意，P.P.前面各种be。
am /is /are 表现在；was／were表过去；
现在完成have( has )been;
进行时态两个be, 前表时态后加-ing ;
情态动词后加be, 后接P.P.别忘记。
（注：P.P.＝动词的过去分词）
下面我们通过一些题例来谈谈被动语态的中考热点（以下各题均选自近年来中考试题），请同学们先一试身手。
一、考查情态动词
含有情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，这是中考命题的热点。
1.We must take care of our eyes. (改为被动语态)
Our eyes must _______ _______ good care of.
2.－Must our classroom _______ every day?
－Yes, it must.
A.is cleaned B.clean C.be cleaned D.be cleaning
3.Rice must _______ at the right time.
A. be harvested B. harvest C. be harvesting D. be harvest
二、考查主谓一致
被动语态“be+过去分词”中的be的单复数形式是由主语来决定的。
4.Tea ________ (grow) in southwest of China and India.
5.Sheep _______ by farmers for _______ wool and meat.
A. are kept; produing B. kept; making
C. keep; growing D. is kept; getting
三、考查复合结构
主动语态中，使役动词和感官动词后面的复合宾语中的动词不定式不带to。但变为被动语态时，则必须保留to。
6.They couldn’t make the cow go. (变为被动语态)
The cow couldn’t _______ .
7. He was made to work 14 hours a day. (变为主动语态)
They ______ him ________ 14 hours a day.
四、考查时态
被动语态的时态是通过be的变化来体现的，被动语态的时态判定与主动语态完全相同，其判定依据是：时间状语、时态呼应、语境等。
8.We speak English. (改为被动语态)
English _____ ______by us.
9.Some new desks and chairs ________ in about ten days.
A. are made B. will be made C. are making D. will made
10.The bridge over the river _________ three years ago.
A. is finished B. finished C. was finished D. has finished
11.―Where ______ the machines _______ ? Do you know?
―In India.
A.is; made B.are ; made C.have; made D.do; made
五、考查短语动词中的介词
12.The old men and the children _______ in our country.
A. must take good care B. must be taken good care
C. must be taken good care of D. must take good care of
[答案及简析]
1.be taken (此句中含有情态动词must,我们根据“情态动词+be +P.P.” 即可得出答案。)
2.C 3.A （这两题都含有情态动词must,根据情态动词的被动语态结构，可得出答案。）
4.is grown (本题里主语tea是不可数名词，作主语时谓语动词应用单数形式。)
5.A （sheep的单复数形式相同，这里用作复数形式，表示“绵羊”这一类动物。）
6.The cow couldn’t be made to go. (the cow go在句中作make的复合宾语。一般情况下，变被动语态后，宾语补足语的结构形式，所处的位置原封不动的保存下来。但make/ have /let / see /watch / hear等后省去的to应还原回来。)
7.made; work (原句中的主补“to work ”在变为主动语态的宾补时应省略“to”)
8.is spoken (此句为一般现在时，变被动语态时时态不变。)
9.B (由时间状语“in about ten days”判定应用一般将来时。)
10.C(此题考查一般过去时的被动语态，由时间状语“three years ago”得出答案。）
11.B(此题考查一般现在时的被动语态，主语machines是复数，可判定答案。 )
12.C(短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，应作为一个词来看待，变为被动语态后，介词of不能丢。）