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含分隔结构的句子分析

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在英语阅读中,我们经常遇到分隔现象,其产生的主要原因是为了强调或平衡句子。按被分隔的句子成分来划分,分隔结构主要有:主语和谓语的分隔,复合谓语内的分隔,及物动词和其宾语的分隔,复合宾语内的分隔,中心语和定语的分隔,同等成分的分隔,连词和其所连接的主体部分的分隔,介词和其宾语的分隔等。

例1 People live in a time when,more than ever before in history,people are very busy.

句子结构分析:定语从句people are very busy被比较状语more than ever before in history分隔。

翻译:人们生活在一个空前繁忙的时代。

例2 Observations were made of the children at the beginning and at the end of preschool and first grade.

句子结构分析:整个of短语作observations的定语,相当于“Observations of the children at the beginning and at the end of preschool and first grade were made”。因为定语太长,所以将其置于动词之后,以避免句子头重脚轻。

翻译:人们对孩子们在学前班和小学一年级开始时和结束时的情况都曾进行过观察。

分隔结构常见的类型有:

一、括号类

例3 The long walk race of Changsha,(held each year),covers more than 400 kms.

句子结构分析:只有一个谓语动词。held each year作为the long walk race的定语,被另一个定语of Changsha分隔。

翻译:长沙长跑比赛每年都举行,其行程有400多千米。

例4 When I waited to go to college,I saw (advertised in a teaching newspaper)a teaching post at a school in a district of London about 10 kms from where I lived.

句子结构分析:共有3个谓语动词,主句的谓语动词是saw。主句的原形是I saw a teaching post ...I lived。advertised in a teaching newspaper是a teaching post的定语,但是分隔了saw和a teaching post。该句之所以把advertised in a teaching newspaper提到a teaching post之前,是因为主句的原形中,a teaching post的后置定语太长,容易造成理解上的混乱。

翻译:当我等待进入大学期间,我看到一份教学报纸上登着一个教师职位的招聘广告,其所在的学校位于伦敦的一个区,而那个地方离我的住处有大约10千米的路程。

例5 I plan to see her next month in Shanghai,though not,(she reminded me),again at Pudong District.

句子结构分析:共有2个谓语动词,主句的谓语动词是plan。she reminded me是分隔结构。though引导一个省略的让步状语从句,其原形是though (it will) not (be) again at Pudong District。本句可拆分为:

①I plan to see her next month in Shanghai.

②Though(it will) not(be) again at Pudong District.

③She reminded me.

翻译:我计划下个月去上海见她,虽然她提醒我地点将不再是浦东新区了。

二、破折号类

例6 Even her critics say Jennifer’s test—her simple,inexpensive laboratory procedure that helps determine whether cancer can be cured—is a great achievement.

句子结构分析:共有4个谓语动词,主句的谓语动词是say。破折号之间是一个较长的同位语,分隔了宾语从句中的Jennifer’s test和is a great achievement。本句可拆分为:

①Even her critics say.

②Jennifer’s test is a great achievement.

③Her simple,inexpensive laboratory procedure helps determine.

④Whether cancer can be cured.

翻译:甚至连詹妮弗的批评者都说她的试验是一项非凡的成就。这项试验所需经费低,是一个简单的实验过程,却有助于确定癌症是否能够得到治疗。

三、同位语或定语同它们所修饰的成分被分隔

有时由于作同位语或作定语的部分太长,为了保证全句意思表达的完整性,常常把同位语或定语放到句子最后,形成分隔结构。

例7 Many people hope to find a safety place near the street when an announcement comes over the radio that a hurricane is coming.