巧妙使用分词,为基础写作增色
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基础写作要求考生根据所提供的信息，用五个英语句子来表达全部内容。由于有句子数量的限定，很多考生对这一部分的写作感到有难度。考生经常出现句子结构混乱和句子成分残缺的错误，严重影响到得分。本文着重谈谈在基础写作中如何巧用分词，为你的基础写作增色增分。
使用分词，使两个句子合并为一个句子，这不仅增加了句子的信息量而且使得句子更加高级。例如：Yuan Longping was born in a poor family in Beijing on September 7， 1937. He studied hard and showed great interest in agriculture. 使用分词后，这两个句子就可以合并成Born in a poor family in Beijing on September 7， 1937， Yuan Longping studied hard， showing great interest in agriculture.
如何恰当使用分词呢？首先要用英语句子准确表达每个信息点的内容，保证每个句子的主语相同。然后根据两个句子的结构，使用分词把两个句子合并为一个句子，也就是保留一个主谓结构，把另一个句子中的主语去掉，其谓语改为分词（现在分词或过去分词）。
[例1]（2011年广东高考题的部分信息点）
⑴书名：Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother
⑵作者：Amy Chua，美籍华人，耶鲁？鄢大学教授
⑶出版时间：2010年
第一步，根据信息点，写出两个主语相同的英语句子：
Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother was written by Amy Chua， a Chinese-American professor at Harvard University.
The book was published in 2010.
第二步，用分词合并这两个句子：Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother，written by Amy Chua，a Chinese American professor at Harvard University，was published in 2010.
[例2]（2011年广东高考题的部分信息点）
⑷内容：作者用中国传统方式教育两个女儿的故事
⑸效应：引发中美教育方式孰优孰劣的讨论
第一步，根据信息点，写出两个主语相同的英语句子：
This book contains the stories of the writer using traditional Chinese approaches of education to bring up her two daughters.
This book results in a heated discussion whether Chinese means of education are better than American ones.
第二步，用分词合并这两个句子：This book contains the stories of the writer using traditional Chinese approaches of education to bring her two daughters up， resulting in a heated discussion whether Chinese means of education are better than American ones.
从上面的两个例子中可以总结出下面两种情况：
1. 句子（1）：主语+do+其它成分①
句子（2）：主语+do+其它成分②
合并为：主语+do+其它成分①，+doing+其它成分②
或Doing+其它成分①，主语+do+其它成分②。
2. 句子（1）：主语+be done +其它成分①
句子（2）：主语+do+其它成分②
合并为：主语+be done+其它成分①，doing+其它成分②
或Done+其它成分①，主语+do+其它成分②。
巧妙使用分词，使得你的短文内容连贯，句子结构高级而又优美，语言流畅，为你的基础写作增色增分。
试试看：
一、合并句子 请使用分词合并下列各组句子。
1. Jack died. He left me 4 collections of CD.
2. He returned to London last week. He had lived abroad for ten years.
3. Forty percent of the students agree that students can take smart cell phones to school. They argue that smart cell phones is helpful in schooling.
4. He was exhausted by the long journey. He soon fell asleep.
5. He was lost in deep thought. He didn’t hear the car horns.
6. Shanghai is located on the Yangtze River. It covers an area of 6340.5 square kilometers.
二、基础写作
你的美国笔友Lisa暑假期间将要来中国旅游，请你根据提示， 写一篇介绍你的家乡广州的短文。
名称：有“花城”美誉
历史：有2200多年，古代中国“海上丝绸之路”的发祥地（origin）
人口：1300多万
位置：广东省中南部
面积：7434.4平方公里
旅游资源：丰富，如陈家祠、广州塔、奥林匹克中心、吸引着大量的国内外游客
美食：品尝美味粤菜，粤菜国内外享有盛誉
[写作要求]
只能用5个句子表达全部内容。
[评分标准]
句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。
写作过程：
第一步，信息分组，即将题中所有信息点分为五组，以便用五个句子来表达。如本篇作文可以分为以下五组：
1. 历史：有2200多年，古代中国“海上丝绸之路”的发祥地（origin）；
2. 位置：广东省中南部
面积：7434.4平方公里
3. 人口：1300多万
4. 名称：有“花城”美誉
旅游资源：丰富，如陈家祠、广州塔、奥林匹克中心、吸引着大量的国内外游客
5. 美食：粤菜国内外享有盛誉
第二步，按组表达，将上述各组信息点用英语句子表达出来，若该组有两个或两个以上信息点，表达时尽可能使两个句子的主语一致或一句的主语同另一句的宾语一致，以便用分词或同位语等语言整合手段来整合。
1. Guangzhou has a history of 2，200 years. It was the origin of the Silk Road on sea in ancient time.
2. Guangzhou is located in the mid-south of Guangdong Province. It covers an area of 7，434.4 square kilometers.
3. It has a population of over 13 million.
4. Guangzhou is recognized as “the Flower City”. Guangzhou has many places of interest，such as Chenjia Temple， Guangzhou Tower， the Olympic Center etc. Guangzhou attracts a great number of tourists from home and abroad.
5. The tourists can enjoy Guangzhou Cuisine. Guangzhou Cuisine is well-known across the world.
第三步，合句成文，用分词、同位语或从句等语言整合手段，将各组句子分别合并为一个句子，并注意语篇的连贯性。这一步留给同学们完成。
参考答案
一、合并句子
1. Jack died， leaving me 4 collections of CD.
2. Having lived abroad for ten yeas， he returned to London last week.
3. Forty percent of the students agree that students can take smart cell phones to school， arguing that smart cell phones is helpful in schooling.
4. Exhausted by the long journey， he soon fell asleep.
5. Lost in deep thought， he didn't hear the car horns.
6. Shanghai is located on the Yangtze River， covering an area of 6340.5 square kilometers.
二、基础写作
第三步：Guangzhou， the origin of the Silk Road on sea in ancient time， has a history of 2，200 years. It is located in the mid-south of Guangdong Province， covering an area of 7，434.4 square kilometers. It has a population of over 13 million. Recognized as“the Flower City”，it has many places of interest，such as Chenjia Temple，Guangzhou Tower，the Olympic Center etc，attracting a great number of tourists from home and abroad. The tourists can enjoy Guangzhou Cuisine，well-known across the world.
（作者单位：汕头市澄海实验高级中学）
责任编校 蒋小青