Research on Agricultural Industrial Clusters’ Evaluation Principles, Index Syste
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（Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China）
Abstract. This article set out on the basis of the agricultural industrial clusters’ connotation, development conditions and function in the new rural construction, principles of diversity, spontaneity, creativity, cohesion, representativeness, efficiency and scientific, proposed agricultural industrial clusters’ evaluation standards, created to include 4 first-level indicators, 10 second-level indicators and 21 third-levels of evaluation index system, and brought two specific evaluation method of the weighted sum and cluster analysis to choose, provided the policy and suggestion for the development of China’s agricultural industrial clusters.
Key words: agricultural industrial cluster; evaluation principles; index system; method
Introduction
Since China’s reform and opening up, agricultural production has developed rapidly in our country and achieved remarkable results. However, there are still many deep-seated contradictions in "three rural issues" that have not yet been fundamentally solved，in our agricultural country, such as Inadequate investment in agriculture, low competitiveness of agricultural products, unstable farmers' income increasing and only priority of production in the agricultural industry. These contradictions also directly contribute to the loss of economic interests of farmers and democratic rights.
Therefore, building agricultural industrial cluster as a way of solving " three rural issues " and creating the evaluation index system of agricultural industrial cluster has important theoretical and realistic significance for development of agricultural industrial cluster in our country.
The connotation, development condition and function of agricultural industry cluster
The connotation of agricultural industry cluster
So-called agricultural industry cluster is that network cooperation organization of production, learning and research was formed among city and county government, leading enterprises with characteristics of agricultural production, processing, circulation and so on, local colleges and universities (especially in agricultural colleges and universities), agricultural research institute and so on through interaction in a particular area, promoting the expand product sales opportunities for participating enterprises , accelerating the regional agricultural science and technology innovation and achieving comprehensive collection of effect.
Development of the agricultural industry cluster should be provided with ten essential conditions：
First, outstanding subject leaders should exist in the institutions of higher learning or research institute of advanced science and technology; Second, entrepreneurship should exist and flourishing entrepreneurs create some successful model of the case in the institutions of higher learning or research institute; Third, new startups and successful business model should constantly emerge; Fourth, should have the ability to attract core talent, more employment opportunities, and elegant residence and environment; Fifth, should have the authority, the agricultural enterprise incubators, the transportation is convenient and the communication network, et al.; Sixth, financial institutions of providing enough start-up capital should be existed at the beginning of the enterprise; Seventh, there should be legal, accounting, management consulting service providers and related industry; Eighth, there should be enough skilled workers with proficient skills; Ninth, there should be a variety of communication opportunities such as cooperatives, seminars, exhibitions et al.; The tenth, should have subsidies system of providing subsidies policy for a variety of public sectors for the sake of regional development.
The function of agricultural industry cluster
Agricultural industrial clusters rely on agricultural science and technology innovation to improve competitiveness. Its main function is to research and development, education and training, information exchange, agricultural enterprise incubators, trial production, agricultural industrialization and so on. When these functions have been fully performed, the agricultural industry cluster development in the form of agricultural science and technology innovation.
First, the research and development function. Though institute of institutions of higher learning or research ability is important, however, such as production, research center, public research platform, public research center et al., setting up joint research condition is also very important.
Second, the function of education and training. There have modern facilities, equipment and education training course that education and training is necessary to need in order to train skilled workers and employees,
Third, information exchange function. In order to make colleges and universities or research institute, other research institutions and agricultural enterprise communicate information anytime and anywhere, communications, network platform and meeting space, et al. should be established.
Fourth, the function of agricultural enterprise incubators. Entrepreneurs who have the entrepreneurial spirit should be found. The research and development space, facilities, equipment and management should be provided.
Fifth, trial production function. In order to research and development achievements into commodity, facilities of production prototype should be provided to make innovation enterprises reduce the cost of production prototype.
Sixth, function of agricultural industrialization. In order to promote the development of technology industrialization, allowance should include business planning, business consulting, industry investment, legal, tax, accounting, et al.
Anyway, for the sake of the agricultural scientific and technological innovation, the role of developer or the producer is very important. It can periodically improved upgrade itself, i.e., taking the agricultural science and technology innovation of agricultural enterprise as the center, leading all the agricultural industry and agricultural industry cluster to expand the scale, gradually and enhancing the influence of the government, public and private institutions. Then successful information will spread. All kinds of talents (such as entrepreneurs, experts and skilled workers, et al.) are gathered. The formation of feedback effects is formed and agricultural industry cluster will be developed eventually.
Basic principles abide by for evaluation of index system
In order to evaluate the situation of agricultural industry cluster in scientific and reasonable way, the evaluation index system should include the following basic principles:
Te first one is the diversity principle that can reflect the region characteristic of agricultural products; The second is spontaneous principle. It is particularly important that industrial cluster is formed spontaneously in regional agricultural leading industries; The third is the innovative principles Leading regional agricultural innovation varieties of agricultural products; The fourth is the principle of coherence. Reticular system and coordinate system with center of industry agglomeration are formed organically among government-industry-university-research cooperation. The fifth is representative principle that can increase regional farmers' income and contribute to the development of regional agriculture. The sixth is the principle of efficiency that can highlight key point, guide and help evaluating the agricultural industry cluster's strategic objectives effectively and examing realization degree of strategic target. The seventh is scientific principle that can reflect the essential characteristics of the agricultural industry cluster objectively, accurately, and comprehensively.
Evaluation index system and method of the agricultural industry cluster
evaluation index system
Different levels of indicators of agricultural industry cluster were evaluated. Therefore, the agricultural industry cluster is a process, proces evaluation index should be set up in order to reflect the change of the agricultural industry cluster.
The qualitative analysis can be carried on the national level from the subject departments, innovation ability and network organization with a nature of "input" elements such as manpower;
On the other hand, the agricultural industry cluster is an "output" in nature. The results evaluation index should be set up to reflect the degree and level of national agricultural industry cluster in various areas .
In this paper, according to the connotation of agricultural industry cluster, development conditions and the basic principles, index system including 4 first-level indicators, 10 secondary indexes and 21 tertiary indexes were created (shown as table1).
analysis method
According to the established evaluation index system, weighted summation method and clustering analytical method can be used to measure and evaluate the level and degree of the agricultural industry cluster development and different parts of the country.
The weighted summation method
First, to determine the weights with different levels. Expert scoring method may be used to determine the weights Ws,t of different level indicators As,t to above leve.
Secondly, furthur normalized processing of index.
To eliminate incomparability caused by different dimension of various index, index need to be normalized, index after processing referred as the guideline values of the index of evaluation As, t′.
Thirdly, comprehensive evaluation model of the development level of the agricultural industry cluster, A0 'model is as follows:
where, W1,j is first level indicators A1,j to the agricultural industry cluster development level of contribution weight A0, A1,j′ including A1,1′、A1,2′、A1,3′、A1,4′，where,
W2,j is the second level indicators A2,j to the level of contribution to the first index A1,1; same as follows:
Clustering analysis method
Weighted analysis method only gives the analysis for regional agriculture industry cluster of composite scores and rankings. This method can't carry on the accurate classification.
And clustering analysis determine the close relationship between samples based on sample properties itself using mathematical method according to some similarity or diversity index and quantitatively according to the degree of close relationship to clustering samples.
Concrete steps as follows:
First, similarity measure of clustering. Through the establishment of the original data matrix, standardizing was carried on and distance measurement method was chosen.
Secondly, calculation of angle cosine and the correlation coefficient. According to choose the distance formula, sample angle cosine and correlation coefficient matrix Similarity measure matrix were drawn between each sample.
Third, hierarchical classification. The distance between matrix of each sample were calculated. The distance between each other were compared and analysed. Finally, clustering results in every step were reflected intuitively. Clustering process can be mapped into hierarchical diagram for analysis, thus, development level of regional agricultural industrial cluster is divided into several classes.
Conclusions
At present stage of agricultural development in our country, phenomenon that a large number of agricultural industry cluster has emerged in practice. Agricultural science and technology park, small towns of specialization and relying on market is the main mode such as guangdong, shandong and fujian province et al. And at present, the study of industrial cluster more focused on industrial applications, the theoretical study of the agricultural industry cluster is less, the practice of the agricultural industry cluster has been walking in front of the theoretical study.
Based on industry cluster theory, combining with the current phenomenon of the agricultural industry cluster in our country, by defining the connotation of agricultural industry cluster, development condition and the function of the agricultural industry cluster were studied.
The index system and analysis method of the agricultural industry cluster were discussed base on principles of diversity, spontaneity, creativity, cohesion, representativeness, efficiency and scientificalness.
Therefore, the evaluation principles and index system of agricultural industry cluster in our country provide a theoretical guidance and reference.
Acknowledgement
The introduction of talent to start the project of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University（2012YB-08）;A project supported by overseas scholars scientific research fund of Heilongjiang provincial education department（1253HQ020）
References
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