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浙江的Lily问：
Rudi你好，我是一名刚参加完高考的学生，九月就要迈进大学校门了。我十分向往大学生活，但与此同时又有一丝担忧，不知道自己是否能很快地适应大学生活。在西方，就要上大学的学生们也有我这样的忧虑吗？我想知道他们是如何转变观念尽快适应大学生活的。
Rudi：
你的问题提得很好。相信有不少读者都会对这个话题感兴趣。不过，每个国家的大学生活都不尽相同。在本期栏目中，我将就你的问题为大家列出西方大学生在第一年中普遍需要适应的几个方面，希望你能喜欢。
Workload
One of the first things that dawn on students in their freshman year of university is that getting good marks is a totally different ①kettle of fish to when they were at school. The workload is more intense, the style of classes is different and a lot more self-motivation and self-discipline are required.
Most courses offer a wide and diverse range of units for students to select each term. There will be a few compulsory units, sometimes referred to as core units, but the students will be able to choose several options according to their own interests.
In university, the way courses are arranged depends on the major you choose but generally speaking the most common type of class is the lecture. A lecture involves a large number of students listening to an expert talking on a particular subject. The aim of the lecture is not to give students information that they will regurgitate on an exam paper but to give them advice and a sense of direction for how they should study a particular subject area by themselves. Students will also attend tutorials which consist of smaller groups and are arranged to discuss the topics being studied in more detail. Any problems that students may have in dealing with a particular course can be addressed in the tutorials. In more senior years students will also attend seminars but in most cases lectures and tutorials are the most common forms of classes for freshers.
In effect most study will be carried out by the student independently outside of class time. A typical schedule might consist of 15 hours of classes per week with the rest of the time free for research and study. This may come as a big shock to students who are used to having their high school teachers and parents ②breathing down their necks. Exam time is hell for those who procrastinate. Most students slip into a routine of study, however, as they come to realize that the responsibility for their future lies solely with themselves.
In high school the student is more or less told exactly what to study by the teacher. High school students focus on what is required for the final exams and rarely venture further than their textbooks. In university, the student is required to develop a more comprehensive understanding of a subject by undergoing extensive reading on the topic. Exam questions will not test your ability to memorize but your understanding of a topic or ability to solve a problem. This new approach to learning can take some getting used to. However, one thing that makes the transition easier is that most students will be able to focus on topics that they are interested in and good at and little or no time will be wasted on subjects that the student hates or has no use for. If a student still finds the change from high school to college a bit too disorientating there are many avenues of help open to them, such as tutors and student union help-lines.
Money
Go to any college bar in the West and the most common topic of conversation will undoubtedly be money; or the lack of it, to be more precise. For the first time in their lives students, particularly those who are in a university far from home, will have to plan their finances carefully. Most students live on the combination of bank loans, grants and wages from part-time jobs. Students have to pay for food, rent and a hectic social life. Most of them run into some sort of financial trouble, such as running out of cash too quickly, at some point. But this gives students another type of education: how to live cheaply and be resourceful with money. If you are a stranger in a town and want to know how you can fill your stomach and enjoy a night on the town for as little money as possible, ask a student!
One of the dangers that can arise with money in a student's first year is getting too deep in debt. First year students will be ③confronted with banks and credit card companies seeking their custom and offering them all sorts of 'wonderful' services. The competition between financial institutions to find customers when they are still young is extremely intense and it is easy for the less thrifty students to get ④carried away and borrow themselves into trouble.
Accommodation
Students can live on campus or off campus. Most freshers will choose to live on campus because it will give them more of a chance to make friends with other people on their course. After their first year, when they have settled into their new life, many students will opt for the freedom of living in rented accommodation off-campus. Different universities offer different types of living quarters for students. A common form is called university halls. This might be several two-bed rooms with shared bathrooms and meals provided. Another type is more like apartments, where students have private bedrooms and share cooking and washing facilities between small groups. Accommodation is normally shared by males and females although single-sex dorms may also be available.
Social Life
Twenty years down the line, when married and ⑤settled into a life of work, responsibility and dreariness, the most evocative memories of university life will undoubtedly be the socializing. The first year in college ⑥kicks off with fresher's week. This is the week in which students need to register and get to know each other. It is also the week in which the Student Union will organize numerous activities, the large bulk of which will involve drinking copious amounts of booze. As the year progresses the bar crawls and parties increase. This is how most students enjoy the freedom of being anwith few responsibilities. In fact, most students will spend their year partying for a few weeks followed by cramming for a few weeks.
Universities are places where young people can find other people who share the same interests as themselves and college friendships are usually the most enduring. Aside from the college bar (not to mention the countless drinking establishments located in the vicinity of the campus) there are other places where freshmen can meet like minds. These places come in the form of clubs and societies. Besides the obvious, such as the Drama Society or the Football Club, there are a whole load of whacky off-the-wall clubs organized by students. From the parachuting club to the dungeons and dragons society, there is something for everyone.
课业量
学生在其大学第一年中首先要明白的事情之一便是，与他们以前在学校时不同，得高分完全是另一码事。课业的强度更大了，上课的形式不同了，需要具备更大的上进心和自制能力。
每学期，大部分的课程都提供各种各样的科目供学生选择。有些是必修科目，有时被称为核心科目，但学生还是能够根据自身兴趣来选择一些选修课。
在大学里，课程的设置方式取决于你所选择的专业，但一般而言，最常见的上课形式是讲座。而讲座就是很多学生来听一位专家就某个课题进行讲解。讲座的目的并非是给学生传授那些他们可以照搬到考卷上的知识，而是就如何在某个学科领域进行自学来为学生提供一些建议并使之有方向感。学生还会参加讨论课，该课以更小的小组形式来展开，目的在于对所学课题进行更深入的讨论。学生在学习某门课程中可能碰到的任何问题都可以在讨论课上提出来。到了高年级的时候，学生还会参加研讨课，但大多数情况下，对于新生来说，讲座和讨论课是最常见的上课形式。
事实上，大部分学习是在课下由学生自己完成的。通常的（课程）进度表大概包括每周15课时，而余下时间可自由进行研究和学习。对于那些习惯了由高中老师和家长来监督的学生来说，这可能是一个不小的冲击。考试期间对于那些浪费时间的学生来说就是苦难。然而，当他们逐渐意识到自己的将来只有靠自己负责时，大部分学生就养成了学习的习惯。
在高中，学生或多或少地会从老师那里获知究竟要学什么。高中生关注的是期末考试的纲要，极少去冒昧地学习比书本更深的东西。而在大学，学生则需要通过广泛阅读与课题相关的书籍来形成对一门学科更为全面的认识。试题并不是要测试你的记忆能力，而是测试你对一个课题的理解或是解决问题的能力。这种新的学习方式可能会需要一段时间来适应。然而，有一种方法可以让这个转变更加轻松，那就是大部分学生可以关注他们感兴趣和擅长的课题，因而就很少会或者不会在那些学生不喜欢或没有用处的学科上浪费时间了。如果学生还是发现，从高中到大学的转变有点儿太过茫然，那么有很多途径可以让他们得到帮助，如指导老师和学生会的帮助热线。
钱、钱、钱
走进西方任何一家大学酒吧，最常见的话题无疑就是钱了，或者更确切地说是缺钱。学生们，尤其是那些远离家门上大学的学生，不得不平生以来第一次认真地算计着花钱。大多数学生靠银行贷款、助学金和兼职打工的工资过活。饭费、房费和活跃的社交活动都需要学生来掏钱。他们中的大部分人会在某个时间陷入某种经济困境，如很快就把钱花光了。但是，这给学生们又上了另外一课：如何在花销不高的情况下生活和不缺钱花。如果你身处异乡，想要知道如何在城里花最少的钱填饱肚子并好好玩儿一晚，那么就去问一下学生吧！
学生在一年级时碰到的因钱而生的危险情形之一便是债务缠身。一年级学生将会碰到拉他们做客户并为其提供各类“特惠”服务的银行和信用卡公司。在发掘仍处于青年时期的顾客方面，这些金融机构的竞争是异常激烈的，对于不大节约的学生来说很容易就失去自制力，因举债而陷入麻烦。
住宿
学生可以住在校内或校外。大多数新生会选择住在校内，因为这令他们有更多的机会与其他同专业的学生相识相交。在第一年过后，当他们适应了他们的新生活，很多学生会追求在校外租房居住的自由。不同的大学为学生提供不同类型的住宿场所。常见的类型叫做“学生公寓”。这类住地可能就是几套有共用浴室、提供餐饭的二居室。另一种类型更像是公寓，在那儿学生拥有自己的卧室，在小团体范围内共用厨具和洗衣设施。虽然也有同性宿舍，但通常是男女混合住宿。
社交生活
二十年后，当已有婚室且习惯于充斥着工作、责任和苦闷的生活时，最能唤起大学生活回忆的无疑就是社交生活了。大学的第一年是由新生周来拉开帷幕的。这是一个学生需要登记注册并彼此结识的星期。这还是一个学生会组织大量活动的星期，而大部分活动都需要开怀畅饮。随着时间的推移，泡酒吧和开聚会的次数就会增加。这就是大多数学生享受少有牵挂的成年人的自由的方式。事实上，大部分学生都会以先参加几个星期的聚会再拼命学习几个星期的方式来度过他们的这一年。
大学是年轻人可以找到志同道合之人的地方，并且大学的友谊通常是最持久的。除了大学酒吧外（更不必提校园周边那些数不清的饮酒场所），还有其它场所可供大学新生结识志趣相投者。这些场所是以俱乐部和社团的形式而出现的。除了常见的以外，如话剧团、足球俱乐部，还有很多由学生组织的稀奇古怪的俱乐部。从跳伞俱乐部到“龙与地下城”社团，总有一类是适合你的。
workload /`w8kl9ud/ n.作业量
compulsory /k9m`p7ls9ri/ adj.必修的
regurgitate /ri(:)`G8_iteit/ v.(使)反刍
tutorial /t(`t5ri9l/ n.讨论课
procrastinate /pr9u`kr2stineit/ v.耽搁
disorientate /dis`5ri9nteit/ vt.使迷惑
hectic /`hektik/ adj.兴奋的；狂热的
resourceful /ri`s5sful/ adj.资源丰富的
thrifty /`Frifti/ adj.节约的
dreariness /`dri9rinis/ n.枯燥；沉寂
evocative /i`v4k9tiv/ adj.唤起的
copious /`k9upj9s/ adj.广识的；丰富的
cram /kr2m/ v.仓促用功(预备考试)
vicinity /vi`siniti/ n.附近
whacky /`(h)w2ki/ adj.怪诞的；发狂的
off-the-wall adj.古怪的
parachute /`p2r9H6t/ v.跳伞
dungeon /`d7ndE9n/ n.地牢
① kettle of fish 情况（俚语）
② breathe down one's neck 监视；监控
③ confront with面对
④ carry away 使失去自制力
⑤ settle into习惯于……
⑥ kick off 开始