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在初中英语课本和各省市的英语中考试题中,so和such两个词出现的频率极高。这两个词的用法和区别正是同学们学习上的重点和难点。下面将二者的用法小结如下,供同学们参考。
一、so的常见用法
1.当so作副词,修饰形容词或副词时,表示程度,意为“这么”、“那么”。如:
Don’t be so silly.
别那么傻。
He ran so fast.
他跑得那么快。
2.如果so后无形容词,则so不能与名词连用。如:
I’ve never seen so tall a child (=such a tall child).
我从未见过个儿那么高的小孩。
切不可以说“He is so a child.”
但是,so little,so much可与不可数名词连用,so few, so many可与复数名词连用。如:
Tom ate so much food at a meal.
汤姆一餐吃了那么多的食物。
There’re so few people in the hall.
大厅里的人很少。
3.so...that意为“如此……以至于……”,是一个常见句型,也是中考常考的句型。如:
Jane’s leg was so painful that she couldn’t move at all.
简的腿那么疼,以至于根本动不了。
该句型还可以转换成“so + adj.+ a/an + 名词”结构。如:
Mike is so clever a boy that all like him.
麦克这么聪明,大家都喜欢他。
so that意为“以便”,“为的是”,引导目的状语从句(该目的状语通常用情态动词作谓语)。如:
They can help you to compare two different products so that you can buy the one you really like.
他们能帮助你比较两种不同的产品,以便你能买到自己真正喜欢的。
so that从句还可表示结果,意为“因此”。如:
His pen is missing, so that he hasn’t done his homework.
他的笔不见了,因此他无法完成作业。
4.so与动词say,tell,think,believe,suppose等连用,可以替代一个意义完整的宾语从句。如:
Is she a top student in her class? Yes, I think so.
她是她们班最好的学生吗?是的,我想是这样。
so与动词do连用,意为“这样做”,以避免重复前面的有关内容。而if so意为“如果是这样”。如:
He did so in order to help her.
他这样做是为了帮助她。
Are you a student? If so (=If you are),may I have your name, please?
你是学生吗?如果是,请问你叫什么名字?
5.“so + be/其他助动词/情态动词+主语”是倒装结构,意为“同样”、“也”。这一结构在中考试题中也经常出现。如:
―I usually go to bed at night.
―So do I.
―我通常晚上睡觉。
―我也是。
6.so作连词,表示结果,意为“所以”、“因此”。如:
―How do you like this shirt?
―It’s beautiful and it fits me well, so (that) I like it very much.
―你喜欢这件衬衣吗?
―它既漂亮又很合身,因此我非常喜欢。
7.“not so + adj./adv.(原级)+ as”是一个常见的比较级句型,也是中考常考的句型,意思是“不如”、“不及”。如:
The man doesn’t work so hard as me.
这个人工作不如我努力。
二、such的常见用法
1.such是限定词,常和名词连用,意为“如此的”、“这样的”。如:
She is such a kind woman.
她是一个如此善良的女人。
Grandpa often told us such funny stories.
爷爷常给我们讲这么有趣的故事。
Don’t go out in such bad weather.
天气这么糟,不要出去了。
2.such as/such...as与such...that的意义和用法均不相同。such as/such...as意为“比如”、“例如”,相当于for example,引出同位语;而such...that意为“如此……以至于”,引导结果状语从句。试比较以下两句。
People such as him (=Such people as him) 1ike to stay home on weekends.
像他那样的人喜欢周末呆在家里。
He spoke in such a low voice that the other two couldn’t hear.
他说话的声音很低,另外两人听不见。
三、so...that,such...that与enough to及too...to结构的互换,常出现在句型转换或改写句子的练习或考题中
当句子具有肯定意义时,so...that或such...that结构可转换或改写成enough to结构,而意思保持不变。如:
Jack is so old that he can join the army. (=Jack is so old a boy that join the army.)
Jack is such an old boy that he can join the army.
Jack is old enough to join the army.
当句子具有否定意义时,so...that或such...that结构可转换或改写成具有否定意义的
too...to结构。如:
The 1ady is so weak that she can’t go any further.(=She is so weak a 1ady that she can’t go any further.)
She is such a weak 1ady that she can’t go any further.
The lady is too weak to go any further.